Towards an ecosystem approach to fisheries in the Galapagos Marine Reserve: A science-driven and adaptive co-management framework

Abstract

The Galapagos Marine Reserve (GMR) faces the dual challenge of overexploited coastal fisheries and the economic vulnerability of the small-scale fishing sector. Past management efforts have failed to balance conservation goals with fishers’ livelihoods, highlighting the need for an ecosystem approach to fisheries (EAF). This study proposes a strategic EAF framework that strengthens fisheries governance, redistributes fishing effort toward large pelagic species, and restores overexploited stocks. Key interventions include regulatory reforms, science-based fishing regulations, market incentives, and adaptive co-management mechanisms to improve compliance and stakeholder engagement. Upgrading the small-scale fishing fleet with climate-smart vessels is proposed to improve fuel efficiency, autonomy, and product quality for offshore fisheries. Additionally, habitat restoration, stock recovery programs, and mariculture initiatives are recommended to support the rehabilitation of depleted coastal resources. To foster long-term resilience, the framework integrates economic diversification through ecotourism, value-added seafood, and fisher participation in conservation and research programs. Sustainable financing mechanisms are critical for implementation. By adopting this EAF-based strategy, the GMR can alleviate fishing pressure, develop a sustainable pelagic fishery, improve fishers’ economic stability, and reduce conflicts between conservation and fisheries management. This approach positions the GMR as a global model for sustainable fisheries governance in multiple-use MPAs, demonstrating the synergy between ecological integrity and economic resilience.