Oral lichen planus: key features of etiopathogenesis, diagnosis, and management.

IF 1 Q4 DERMATOLOGY
Ana Glavina, Lucija Zanze, Ema Barac, Bruno Špiljak, Duje Čulina, Liborija Lugović-Mihić
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease of unknown etiology. It is assumed that a genetic predisposition contributes to the development of the disease and influences the patient's response to various etiological factors such as autoimmune reactions to epithelial antigens, microorganisms, and stress. Immunopathogenesis is primarily driven by cell-mediated immune mechanisms, with T lymphocytes playing a central role. The clinical presentation of OLP is varied, and multiple clinical forms can occur in the same patient. OLP is categorized into six clinical types: reticular, papular, and plaque-like (hyperkeratotic variants), and atrophic, erosive, and bullous (erosive variants). The histopathological diagnosis of OLP is unique. Continuous follow-up of patients is crucial because OLP is considered an oral potentially malignant disorder (OPMD). Reported rates of malignant transformation vary, with a pooled estimate of 1.43% for OLP and 5.13% for OLP with dysplasia. Patient education plays a crucial role in treatment initiation and planning. A personalized treatment approach focuses on controlling inflammation and relieving symptoms such as pain and burning. Treatment should be individualized according to disease severity, subtype, and patient response, with constant monitoring for possible malignant transformation and comorbidities.

口腔扁平苔藓:发病、诊断和治疗的关键特征。
口腔扁平苔藓(OLP)是一种病因不明的慢性炎症性自身免疫性疾病。据推测,遗传易感性有助于疾病的发展,并影响患者对各种病因的反应,如对上皮抗原、微生物和应激的自身免疫反应。免疫发病机制主要由细胞介导的免疫机制驱动,其中T淋巴细胞起核心作用。OLP的临床表现多种多样,同一患者可出现多种临床表现。OLP分为六种临床类型:网状、丘疹和斑块样(角化过度变体),以及萎缩性、糜烂性和大疱性(糜烂变体)。OLP的组织病理学诊断是独特的。患者的持续随访是至关重要的,因为OLP被认为是一种口腔潜在恶性疾病(OPMD)。报道的恶性转化率各不相同,OLP的总估计为1.43%,OLP伴不典型增生的总估计为5.13%。患者教育在治疗开始和计划中起着至关重要的作用。个性化的治疗方法侧重于控制炎症和缓解疼痛和灼烧等症状。治疗应根据疾病严重程度、亚型和患者反应进行个体化治疗,并持续监测可能的恶性转化和合并症。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
1.70
自引率
8.30%
发文量
38
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