Cytokine-Related Genes and Inflammatory Profiles as Potential Biomarkers in Major Depressive Disorder.

IF 1.8 4区 医学 Q3 PSYCHIATRY
Psychiatry Investigation Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-31 DOI:10.30773/pi.2025.0013
Haein Oh, Na Yeong Kong, Sung-Won Jung, Hee-Cheol Kim, Shin Kim, Junho Kang, Hojun Lee
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Objective: Based on the neuroimmunological hypothesis of major depressive disorder (MDD), we analyzed the existing research to identify cytokine-related genes associated with MDD. Furthermore, we examined the cytokine alterations in patients with MDD as potential biomarkers for diagnosis and monitoring.

Methods: Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to MDD were identified using the GEO2R tool on public datasets, followed by functional enrichment analyses with Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed using Cytoscape to identify hub genes. Finally, blood samples from 20 patients with MDD and 10 healthy controls were analyzed using the Olink® Target 96 Inflammation panel with proximity extension assay (PEA) technology to identify potential protein biomarkers.

Results: Two GEO datasets related to MDD were analyzed to identify 66 common DEGs. Following the PPI analysis, 46 genes were identified. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that these genes were closely related to immune-related pathways. Subsequent blood sample analysis of patients with MDD and healthy controls confirmed that 18 cytokines related to 46 DEGs were significantly upregulated. Among the identified cytokines, oncostatin M (OSM) showed the highest receiver operating characteristic (ROC) performance (area under the curve [AUC]=0.96), followed by hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) (AUC=0.95), cluster of differentiation 6 (CD6) (AUC=0.90), and tumor necrosis factor superfamily 14 (TNFSF14) (AUC=0.90).

Conclusion: Our study confirms that neuroinflammation is an important pathophysiological aspect of MDD and that several related cytokines, such as OSM, HGF, CD6, and TNFSF14, may be potential biomarkers of MDD.

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细胞因子相关基因和炎症谱作为重度抑郁症的潜在生物标志物。
目的:基于重性抑郁障碍(MDD)的神经免疫学假说,对现有研究进行分析,确定与MDD相关的细胞因子相关基因。此外,我们研究了重度抑郁症患者的细胞因子变化作为诊断和监测的潜在生物标志物。方法:利用GEO2R工具在公共数据集上鉴定与MDD相关的差异表达基因(DEGs),然后使用Gene Ontology和京都基因与基因组途径百科全书进行功能富集分析。利用Cytoscape构建蛋白-蛋白相互作用(PPI)网络,鉴定中心基因。最后,使用Olink®Target 96炎症面板与邻近延伸测定(PEA)技术分析20名MDD患者和10名健康对照者的血液样本,以确定潜在的蛋白质生物标志物。结果:分析了两个与MDD相关的GEO数据集,确定了66个常见的deg。PPI分析后,鉴定出46个基因。功能富集分析显示这些基因与免疫相关通路密切相关。随后对重度抑郁症患者和健康对照者的血液样本分析证实,与46℃相关的18种细胞因子显著上调。在所鉴定的细胞因子中,抑癌素M (OSM)表现出最高的受试者工作特征(ROC)表现(曲线下面积[AUC]=0.96),其次是肝细胞生长因子(HGF) (AUC=0.95)、分化簇6 (CD6) (AUC=0.90)和肿瘤坏死因子超家族14 (TNFSF14) (AUC=0.90)。结论:我们的研究证实,神经炎症是MDD的一个重要病理生理方面,一些相关的细胞因子,如OSM、HGF、CD6和TNFSF14,可能是MDD的潜在生物标志物。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
4.10
自引率
3.70%
发文量
105
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: The Psychiatry Investigation is published on the 25th day of every month in English by the Korean Neuropsychiatric Association (KNPA). The Journal covers the whole range of psychiatry and neuroscience. Both basic and clinical contributions are encouraged from all disciplines and research areas relevant to the pathophysiology and management of neuropsychiatric disorders and symptoms, as well as researches related to cross cultural psychiatry and ethnic issues in psychiatry. The Journal publishes editorials, review articles, original articles, brief reports, viewpoints and correspondences. All research articles are peer reviewed. Contributions are accepted for publication on the condition that their substance has not been published or submitted for publication elsewhere. Authors submitting papers to the Journal (serially or otherwise) with a common theme or using data derived from the same sample (or a subset thereof) must send details of all relevant previous publications and simultaneous submissions. The Journal is not responsible for statements made by contributors. Material in the Journal does not necessarily reflect the views of the Editor or of the KNPA. Manuscripts accepted for publication are copy-edited to improve readability and to ensure conformity with house style.
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