Furry Animal Allergy: Lipocalins, Serum Albumins, and Secretoglobins-Cross-Reactivity, Diagnosis, and Management Strategies.

Abstract

Furry animals are familiar companions in modern society. Despite multiple beneficial roles in economic and social contexts, they can be the source of allergenic compounds. Moreover, research indicates that these allergens could be detected even in households where animals are not present. Consequently, the risk of asthma exacerbation is increased. Furthermore, accurately diagnosing a genuine allergy to furry animals remains a significant challenge for medical practitioners. Therefore, this review aims to gather and summarize valid information regarding three main groups of allergens associated with furry animals, including lipocalins, serum albumins, and secretoglobins. In this manuscript, we clarify the molecular structure of allergens, discuss cross-reactions between them, and highlight their clinical importance. We also outline the diagnostic techniques for furry animal allergy, as well as novel, emerging therapies. Additionally, we discuss the occupational risks of allergies for both laboratory workers and cattle farmers.