Bullying victimisation and perpetration and the association with mental disorders among adolescents in Kenya, Indonesia, and Vietnam: Findings from the National Adolescent Mental Health Surveys.
Holly E Erskine, Joemer C Maravilla, Shoshanna L Fine, Astha Ramaiya, Mengmeng Li, Amirah Ellyza Wahdi, Yohannes Dibaba Wado, Vu Manh Loi, Harvey A Whiteford, David Lawrence, Hannah J Thomas, James G Scott
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Background: Few studies report the prevalence of both bullying victimisation and perpetration at the national level in low- and middle-income countries, with fewer still reporting the association with mental disorders assessed diagnostically.
Methods: Nationally representative household surveys of adolescents aged 10-17 years and their primary caregiver were conducted in Kenya, Indonesia, and Vietnam as part of the National Adolescent Mental Health Surveys (NAMHS). Adolescents were asked about bullying victimisation and perpetration in the past three months. The prevalence of mental disorders in the past 12 months was assessed using a diagnostic instrument. The prevalence of bullying involvement was calculated, along with bullying victimisation and perpetration which were further disaggregated by sex and age. Types of victimisation and perpetration were assessed among those who endorsed bullying involvement. Adjusted odds ratios quantified the association between any mental disorder and bullying victimisation and perpetration. All findings were weighted to the respective country's population and presented with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
Results: The prevalence of any bullying involvement was highest in Kenya (6.3%, CI 5.3-7.4), followed by Indonesia (3.4%, 95% CI 2.4-4.8), then Vietnam (1.9%, 95% CI 1.3-2.7). For bullying victimisation, both Kenya (4.1%, 95% CI 3.4-5.0) and Indonesia (2.6%, 95% CI 1.9-3.6) had significantly higher prevalence than Vietnam (1.2%, 95% CI 0.9-1.67). Kenya had significantly higher prevalence of bullying perpetration (3.1%, 95% CI 2.5-3.8) compared to Indonesia (1.1%, 95% CI 0.6-2.1) and Vietnam (0.8%, 95% CI 0.5-1.2). Adolescents experiencing bullying victimisation were significantly more likely to have a mental disorder than those who had not been bullied in all three countries (Kenya: aOR 2.17, 95% CI 1.50-3.15; Indonesia: aOR 3.55, 95% CI 1.47-8.59; Vietnam: aOR 4.71, 95% CI 1.82-12.21). The same was seen for bullying perpetration although only in Kenya (aOR 4.38, 95% CI 2.77-6.93) and Indonesia (aOR 4.32, 95% CI 1.62-11.51).
Conclusions: NAMHS is the first study to report national prevalence estimates of bullying victimisation and perpetration among adolescents in Kenya, Indonesia, and Vietnam. Bullying was strongly associated with adolescent mental disorders and is consequently an important consideration for strategies aimed at improving adolescent mental health.
背景：在低收入和中等收入国家，很少有研究报告欺凌受害者和施暴者在国家层面的普遍程度，更少的研究报告欺凌与经诊断评估的精神障碍的关联。方法：作为全国青少年心理健康调查（NAMHS）的一部分，在肯尼亚、印度尼西亚和越南对10-17岁青少年及其主要照顾者进行了具有全国代表性的家庭调查。青少年被问及在过去三个月内遭受欺凌的情况。使用一种诊断工具评估过去12个月精神障碍的患病率。研究人员计算了参与欺凌的普遍程度，以及欺凌受害者和肇事者，并按性别和年龄进一步分类。在那些支持欺凌参与的人中，评估了受害者和肇事者的类型。调整后的优势比量化了任何精神障碍与欺凌受害者和犯罪者之间的联系。所有的研究结果都根据各自国家的人口进行加权，并给出95%的置信区间（ci）。结果：任何欺凌行为的发生率在肯尼亚最高（6.3%，可信区间5.3-7.4），其次是印度尼西亚（3.4%，95%可信区间2.4-4.8），然后是越南（1.9%，95%可信区间1.3-2.7）。就欺凌受害者而言，肯尼亚（4.1%,95% CI 3.4-5.0）和印度尼西亚（2.6%,95% CI 1.9-3.6）的患病率均显著高于越南（1.2%,95% CI 0.9-1.67）。与印度尼西亚（1.1%,95% CI 0.6-2.1）和越南（0.8%,95% CI 0.5-1.2）相比，肯尼亚的欺凌行为发生率明显更高（3.1%,95% CI 2.5-3.8）。在这三个国家中，遭受欺凌的青少年患精神障碍的可能性明显高于未遭受欺凌的青少年(肯尼亚：aOR 2.17, 95% CI 1.50-3.15；印度尼西亚：aOR 3.55, 95% CI 1.47-8.59；越南：aOR 4.71, 95% CI 1.82-12.21)。欺凌行为也是如此，尽管只有在肯尼亚（aOR 4.38, 95% CI 2.77-6.93）和印度尼西亚（aOR 4.32, 95% CI 1.62-11.51）。结论：NAMHS是第一个报告肯尼亚、印度尼西亚和越南青少年欺凌受害和犯罪的全国患病率估计的研究。欺凌与青少年精神障碍密切相关，因此是旨在改善青少年心理健康的战略的一个重要考虑因素。
期刊介绍：
Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, the official journal of the International Association for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Allied Professions, is an open access, online journal that provides an international platform for rapid and comprehensive scientific communication on child and adolescent mental health across different cultural backgrounds. CAPMH serves as a scientifically rigorous and broadly open forum for both interdisciplinary and cross-cultural exchange of research information, involving psychiatrists, paediatricians, psychologists, neuroscientists, and allied disciplines. The journal focusses on improving the knowledge base for the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of mental health conditions in children and adolescents, and aims to integrate basic science, clinical research and the practical implementation of research findings. In addition, aspects which are still underrepresented in the traditional journals such as neurobiology and neuropsychology of psychiatric disorders in childhood and adolescence are considered.
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