Trace metal chemical fractionation in airborne particulate matter from a tropical urban area in Brazil

IF 5.8 3区环境科学与生态学 0 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental Science and Pollution Research Pub Date : 2025-07-31 DOI:10.1007/s11356-025-36779-5

Silvânio Silvério Lopes Costa, Jeferson Cavalcante Alves, Erivaldo Vieira da Silva, Joel Marques da Silva, Larissa Santos Xavier, Vaniele Souza Ribeiro, Dayara Virgínia Lino Ávila, Sidnei Oliveira Souza, Carlos Alexandre Borges Garcia, Gisele Olímpio da Rocha, Rennan Geovanny Oliveira Araujo

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Abstract

This study aims to employ a modified Tessier method for metal chemical fractionation in total suspended particulate (TSP) and inhalable particulate matter (PM₁₀) samples. The chemical fractionation of Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Ti, and V in airborne particulate matter (APM) samples from a tropical urban area in the city of Aracaju, Sergipe, Northeastern Brazil, was performed, adapting a sequential extraction method encompassing six fractions characterized by a gradual increase in the solvent strength, as follows: (1) water-soluble fraction; (2) ion exchange fraction; (3) carbonate-bound fraction; (4) metal oxide-bound fraction; (5) organic metal complex or sulfide-bound fraction; and (6) residual fraction. Iron and Ti concentrations were the most abundant among organic metal complex and sulfides and silicate fractions for both TSP and PM₁₀. Cadmium concentrations, in general, were higher in the organic metal complex and sulfides, silicate, and oxide fractions, while Cu was most detected in the organic metal complex and sulfides, oxide, and silicate fractions. Nickel, Mn, and V were not determined in either of the samples. A multivariate data analysis indicated three groups, associating Cu and Cd to similar sources, i.e., vehicular traffic and fossil fuel burning. This is the first time this sequential method was applied to investigate metal mobility and metal distribution in APM, assessing beyond the bioavailability, solubility, and geochemical transport of trace metals.

Graphical Abstract

GA Text: Airborne particulate matter sampled from a tropical urban area in Brazil evaluated employing a modified Tessier sequential extraction method consisting of six fractions.

Abstract Image

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巴西热带城市地区空气微粒物质中的微量金属化学分馏。

本研究旨在采用改进的Tessier方法对总悬浮颗粒物（TSP）和可吸入颗粒物（PM10）样品进行金属化学分选。对巴西东北部Sergipe市Aracaju热带城区空气悬浮颗粒物（APM）样品中的Cd、Cu、Fe、Mn、Ni、Ti和V进行了化学分选，采用顺序萃取法，包括溶剂强度逐渐增加的6个组分，分别为：(1)水溶性组分；(2)离子交换分数；(3)碳酸盐结合馏分；(4)金属氧化物结合分数；(5)有机金属配合物或硫化物结合馏分；(6)剩余分数。在TSP和PM10中，铁和钛在有机金属配合物、硫化物和硅酸盐组分中含量最高。总体而言，镉在有机金属配合物、硫化物、硅酸盐和氧化物组分中含量较高，而铜在有机金属配合物、硫化物、氧化物和硅酸盐组分中含量最高。两个样品中均未测定镍、锰和钒。多变量数据分析表明，铜和镉与相似的来源有关，即车辆交通和化石燃料燃烧。这是该序列方法首次应用于研究金属在APM中的迁移和分布，评估微量金属的生物利用度、溶解度和地球化学运输。

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来源期刊

Environmental Science and Pollution Research 环境科学-环境科学

CiteScore

8.70

自引率

17.20%

发文量

6549

审稿时长

3.8 months

期刊介绍： Environmental Science and Pollution Research (ESPR) serves the international community in all areas of Environmental Science and related subjects with emphasis on chemical compounds. This includes: - Terrestrial Biology and Ecology - Aquatic Biology and Ecology - Atmospheric Chemistry - Environmental Microbiology/Biobased Energy Sources - Phytoremediation and Ecosystem Restoration - Environmental Analyses and Monitoring - Assessment of Risks and Interactions of Pollutants in the Environment - Conservation Biology and Sustainable Agriculture - Impact of Chemicals/Pollutants on Human and Animal Health It reports from a broad interdisciplinary outlook.