A Nondestructive Liquid-Level Sensor Based on Spoof Surface Plasmon Polaritons Controlled by Liquid Metal Switches

IF 4.3 2区综合性期刊 Q1 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

IEEE Sensors Journal Pub Date : 2025-06-26 DOI:10.1109/JSEN.2025.3581232

Jieping Wu;Weilai Wang;Maode Liu;Shuangxi Xue;Guangming Yang;Xiaoqing Yang

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Abstract

This article proposes a nondestructive multichannel sensor for liquid-level detection based on spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SSPPs). A mathematical model for liquid-level sensing is established by leveraging the dispersion relationship between the permittivity and the phase shift constant. Then, liquid metal switches are integrated into the SSPP channels to dynamically control signal propagation, thereby enabling selective activation of each channel for level detection. The proposed detection theory and dynamic control method are validated through simulations. Subsequently, the designed sensors are fabricated and measured. The results demonstrate a linear relationship between the liquid level and the phase offset. The sensor is capable of penetrating nonmetallic containers for liquid-level detection, with a measurement range determined solely by the length of the component. It achieves a resolution of 0.01 mm and a detection accuracy of less than 1.28 mm. Moreover, the multichannel SSPP design enables the acquisition of more detailed level information, supporting dynamic liquid-level monitoring.

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基于液态金属开关控制的欺骗表面等离子体激元的无损液位传感器

提出了一种基于欺骗表面等离子激元（SSPPs）的无损多通道液位检测传感器。利用介电常数与相移常数之间的色散关系，建立了液位传感的数学模型。然后，将液态金属开关集成到SSPP通道中，动态控制信号传播，从而可以选择性地激活每个通道进行电平检测。通过仿真验证了所提出的检测理论和动态控制方法。随后，对所设计的传感器进行了制作和测量。结果表明，液位与相位偏移之间呈线性关系。该传感器能够穿透非金属容器进行液位检测，其测量范围仅由组件的长度决定。分辨率为0.01 mm，检测精度小于1.28 mm。此外，多通道SSPP设计可以获取更详细的液位信息，支持动态液位监测。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

IEEE Sensors Journal 工程技术-工程：电子与电气

CiteScore

7.70

自引率

14.00%

发文量

2058

审稿时长

5.2 months

期刊介绍： The fields of interest of the IEEE Sensors Journal are the theory, design , fabrication, manufacturing and applications of devices for sensing and transducing physical, chemical and biological phenomena, with emphasis on the electronics and physics aspect of sensors and integrated sensors-actuators. IEEE Sensors Journal deals with the following: -Sensor Phenomenology, Modelling, and Evaluation -Sensor Materials, Processing, and Fabrication -Chemical and Gas Sensors -Microfluidics and Biosensors -Optical Sensors -Physical Sensors: Temperature, Mechanical, Magnetic, and others -Acoustic and Ultrasonic Sensors -Sensor Packaging -Sensor Networks -Sensor Applications -Sensor Systems: Signals, Processing, and Interfaces -Actuators and Sensor Power Systems -Sensor Signal Processing for high precision and stability (amplification, filtering, linearization, modulation/demodulation) and under harsh conditions (EMC, radiation, humidity, temperature); energy consumption/harvesting -Sensor Data Processing (soft computing with sensor data, e.g., pattern recognition, machine learning, evolutionary computation; sensor data fusion, processing of wave e.g., electromagnetic and acoustic; and non-wave, e.g., chemical, gravity, particle, thermal, radiative and non-radiative sensor data, detection, estimation and classification based on sensor data) -Sensors in Industrial Practice