SPECTRUM1k – 75 μm Pixels Pitch IC With In-Pixel Histogramming for X-Ray Color Imaging

IF 4.9 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC

IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs Pub Date : 2025-06-23 DOI:10.1109/TCSII.2025.3579856

P. Kmon;R. Kleczek;R. Szczygiel;G. Wegrzyn

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

A new single photon-counting IC prototype called SPECTRUM1k with pixel matrix

$40\times 24$

and pixel pitch

$75~\mu $

m is developed by the Microelectronics Group of the AGH University of Krakow as a solution for X-ray color imaging. The chip, produced in CMOS 40nm technology, is made up of 960 individually configured pixels, each composed of an amplifier, an analog-to-digital converter, and

$64\times 12$

-bit memory cells that allow one to perform in-pixel energy histogramming. Thanks to the proposed architecture working with the 200 MHz chip clock and 1 Gcps/mm2 multi energy photon intensities up-to about 23 ms exposition time is feasible (

$365~\mu $

s exposition time whenever monoenergetic photons are used only). In-pixel offsets (

${=} 3.5$

%) and gain (

${=} 5.8$

%) spread, the amplifier performance (Equivalent Noise Charge

${=} 95$

e-RMS) and the ADC resolution (Effective Number of Bits

${=} 5.4$

b) allow to convert the incoming photons’ energy with FWHM

${=} 3.7$

ke @134.2 keV upon

$81~\mu $

W or

$48~\mu $

W per pixel power consumption. In this publication, we present a description of the ASIC’s architecture as well as characterization results. The threshold dispersions, gain spread as well as noise and energy measurement performance of the SPECTRUM1k are presented.

查看原文本刊更多论文

SPECTRUM1k - 75 μm像素间距IC与像素内直方图用于x射线彩色成像

克拉科夫AGH大学微电子组开发了一种新的单光子计数IC原型，称为SPECTRUM1k，像素矩阵为$40 × 24$，像素间距为$75~ $ mu $ m，作为x射线彩色成像的解决方案。该芯片采用CMOS 40纳米技术生产，由960个单独配置的像素组成，每个像素由一个放大器、一个模数转换器和64 × 12美元位存储单元组成，这些存储单元允许执行像素内能量直方图。由于所提出的架构与200 MHz芯片时钟和1 Gcps/mm2多能光子强度一起工作，高达约23 ms的展示时间是可行的（仅使用单能光子时的展示时间为365~\mu $ s）。像素内偏移量（${=}3.5$ %）和增益（${=}5.8$ %）扩展，放大器性能（等效噪声电荷${=}95$ e-RMS）和ADC分辨率（有效位数${=}5.4$ b）允许在每像素功耗$81~\mu $ W或$48~\mu $ W时将入射光子的能量转换为FWHM ${=} 3.7$ ke @134.2 keV。在本出版物中，我们介绍了ASIC架构的描述以及表征结果。介绍了SPECTRUM1k的阈值色散、增益扩展以及噪声和能量测量性能。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs 工程技术-工程：电子与电气

CiteScore

7.90

自引率

20.50%

发文量

883

审稿时长

3.0 months

期刊介绍： TCAS II publishes brief papers in the field specified by the theory, analysis, design, and practical implementations of circuits, and the application of circuit techniques to systems and to signal processing. Included is the whole spectrum from basic scientific theory to industrial applications. The field of interest covered includes: Circuits: Analog, Digital and Mixed Signal Circuits and Systems Nonlinear Circuits and Systems, Integrated Sensors, MEMS and Systems on Chip, Nanoscale Circuits and Systems, Optoelectronic Circuits and Systems, Power Electronics and Systems Software for Analog-and-Logic Circuits and Systems Control aspects of Circuits and Systems.