{"title":"Carrot and stick: how RNase R contributes to function and destruction of the translation machinery.","authors":"Helge Paternoga, Lyudmila Dimitrova-Paternoga","doi":"10.1080/15476286.2025.2535846","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>RNA is fundamental for life, and its homoeostasis is a critical contributor to cellular growth and adaptation to stress. Key RNA species include messenger RNA (mRNA) and non-coding RNAs, such as transfer RNA (tRNA), or ribosomal RNA (rRNA), that are essential for ribosome formation and translation of the genetic code. Furthermore, various other non-coding RNAs are expressed at each growth stage. Given RNA's abundance and its role in all cellular processes, RNases - enzymes responsible for RNA degradation and processing - are central to RNA metabolism. In this review, we discuss the pivotal contribution of the 3' exonuclease RNase R to bacterial RNA homoeostasis. We focus on its functions in regulating and degrading components of the translation machinery, including the trans-translation system, and we take a look at recent structural studies that shed new light on the activities of this important enzyme.</p>","PeriodicalId":21351,"journal":{"name":"RNA Biology","volume":"22 1","pages":"1-22"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4000,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12320835/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"RNA Biology","FirstCategoryId":"99","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15476286.2025.2535846","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2025/7/29 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
RNA is fundamental for life, and its homoeostasis is a critical contributor to cellular growth and adaptation to stress. Key RNA species include messenger RNA (mRNA) and non-coding RNAs, such as transfer RNA (tRNA), or ribosomal RNA (rRNA), that are essential for ribosome formation and translation of the genetic code. Furthermore, various other non-coding RNAs are expressed at each growth stage. Given RNA's abundance and its role in all cellular processes, RNases - enzymes responsible for RNA degradation and processing - are central to RNA metabolism. In this review, we discuss the pivotal contribution of the 3' exonuclease RNase R to bacterial RNA homoeostasis. We focus on its functions in regulating and degrading components of the translation machinery, including the trans-translation system, and we take a look at recent structural studies that shed new light on the activities of this important enzyme.
期刊介绍：
RNA has played a central role in all cellular processes since the beginning of life: decoding the genome, regulating gene expression, mediating molecular interactions, catalyzing chemical reactions. RNA Biology, as a leading journal in the field, provides a platform for presenting and discussing cutting-edge RNA research.
RNA Biology brings together a multidisciplinary community of scientists working in the areas of:
Transcription and splicing
Post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression
Non-coding RNAs
RNA localization
Translation and catalysis by RNA
Structural biology
Bioinformatics
RNA in disease and therapy
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