Transcranial magnetic vs intracranial electric stimulation: a direct comparison of their effects via scalp EEG recordings.

IF 8.4 1区 医学 Q1 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY
Brain Stimulation Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-27 DOI:10.1016/j.brs.2025.07.016
Renzo Comolatti, Gabriel Hassan, Ezequiel Mikulan, Simone Russo, Michele A Colombo, Elisabetta Litterio, Giulia Furregoni, Sasha D'Ambrosio, Matteo Fecchio, Sara Parmigiani, Ivana Sartori, Silvia Casarotto, Andrea Pigorini, Marcello Massimini
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: Single-pulse Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) and Intracranial Electrical Stimulation (IES) are widely used to probe cortical excitability and connectivity, but their electrophysiological effects have never been compared.

Objective: This study aims to fill this gap by using high-density scalp electroencephalogram (hd-EEG) as a common read-out to compare human brain responses to TMS and IES.

Methods: The dataset includes TMS-evoked potentials (TEPs) acquired from healthy subjects (n = 22) and IES-evoked potentials (IEPs) recorded from drug-resistant epileptic patients (n = 31) during wakefulness. In a subset of subjects TEPs (n = 12) and IEPs (n = 13) were also recorded during NREM sleep. Amplitude, spectral, and spatiotemporal features of TMS and IES responses, as well as their estimated electrical fields, were compared.

Results: We observed marked differences between TMS and IES responses. During wakefulness, IEPs are considerably larger, slower and associated with a suppression of cortical activity, whereas TEPs are characterized by multiple waves of recurrent activation. These differences are attenuated in NREM, during which both TMS and IES elicit large EEG responses associated with a prominent suppression of cortical activity. At the global level, the spatiotemporal complexity of the responses to both TMS and IES decreases consistently following the transition from wakefulness to NREM sleep.

Conclusion: Despite the limitations due to different subject populations (healthy vs pathological), our findings provide a first reference to parallel non-invasive and invasive brain stimulation and to interpret their differential effects. They also offer important insight on how cortical responsiveness is shaped by inhibition and adaptation mechanisms depending on input parameters and brain states.

经颅磁刺激与颅内电刺激:通过头皮脑电图记录直接比较其效果。
背景:单脉冲经颅磁刺激(TMS)和颅电刺激(IES)被广泛用于探测皮层的兴奋性和连通性,但它们的电生理效应从未被比较过。目的:本研究旨在填补这一空白,利用高密度头皮脑电图(hd-EEG)作为一种常见的读数来比较人脑对经颅磁刺激和IES的反应。方法:数据集包括从健康受试者(n=22)获得的tms诱发电位(TEPs)和从耐药癫痫患者(n=31)在清醒状态下记录的ies诱发电位(IEPs)。一部分受试者在非快速眼动睡眠期间也记录了tep (n=12)和iep (n=13)。比较了TMS和IES响应的振幅、频谱和时空特征,以及它们的估计电场。结果:经颅磁刺激与IES反应有显著差异。在清醒时,iep更大、更慢,并与皮层活动的抑制有关,而tep的特征是多波反复激活。这些差异在非快速眼动期减弱,在非快速眼动期,经颅磁刺激和IES都会引起与皮层活动显著抑制相关的大脑电图反应。在全球范围内,经颅磁刺激和IES反应的时空复杂性随着清醒状态向非快速眼动睡眠的过渡而持续下降。结论:尽管由于不同的受试者群体(健康与病理),我们的研究结果首次提供了平行的非侵入性和侵入性脑刺激的参考,并解释了它们的不同效果。他们还提供了重要的见解皮质反应是如何形成的抑制和适应机制取决于输入参数和大脑状态。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Brain Stimulation
Brain Stimulation 医学-临床神经学
CiteScore
13.10
自引率
9.10%
发文量
256
审稿时长
72 days
期刊介绍: Brain Stimulation publishes on the entire field of brain stimulation, including noninvasive and invasive techniques and technologies that alter brain function through the use of electrical, magnetic, radiowave, or focally targeted pharmacologic stimulation. Brain Stimulation aims to be the premier journal for publication of original research in the field of neuromodulation. The journal includes: a) Original articles; b) Short Communications; c) Invited and original reviews; d) Technology and methodological perspectives (reviews of new devices, description of new methods, etc.); and e) Letters to the Editor. Special issues of the journal will be considered based on scientific merit.
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