Evaluating the Antimicrobial Properties of Different Dental Cleaning Tablets Against S. aureus Grown on Two Denture Base Materials

IF 2.2 Q3 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Clinical and Experimental Dental Research Pub Date : 2025-07-31 DOI:10.1002/cre2.70189

Sindi Vishaj, Alissa Villhauer, Mandi Morris, Donald M. Belles, Daher Antonio Queiroz, Maria D. Gonzalez, Ransome van der Hoeven

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Abstract

Objectives

This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of three commercially available denture cleaning tablets Efferdent, Polident, and Val-clean against Staphylococcus aureus biofilms formed on two denture base materials: milled polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and 3D printed denture resin.

Material and Methods

Eighty samples were fabricated, with 40 specimens per denture base material: CAD/CAM milled PMMA (Lucitone Digital Fit LT; Dentsply Sirona, Charlotte, NC, USA) and 3D printed resin (Denture Base Resin; Formlabs Inc., Somerville, MA, USA). Each group was divided into four subgroups (n = 10), Efferdent, Polident, Val-clean, and deionized water (control). Surface roughness was measured using a digital profilometer (Digiprofilo I; Digiwork Instruments, Concord, ON, Canada). Samples were exposed to S. aureus in tryptic soy broth (TSB) and subsequently treated with the cleaning solutions. Colony-forming units (CFUs) were quantified using serial dilution plating. To distinguish bactericidal from bacteriostatic effects, normalized S. aureus cultures were incubated with the cleaning agents for 16 h, followed by optical density measurements, LIVE/DEAD staining (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, California), and TSB agar plating. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA and Dunnett's multiple comparisons test, with significance set at p < 0.05.

Results

A significant difference in surface roughness was observed between the 3D printed and milled samples before treatment (p < 0.0001). Significantly fewer CFUs were observed in all cleaning solution groups compared to the control (p < 0.05). All denture cleaning solutions demonstrated bactericidal activity against S. aureus, as indicated by the absence of CFU growth on agar plates and the lack of viable cells in LIVE/DEAD staining posttreatment. Both denture materials demonstrated comparable microbial adhesion and response to the cleaning agents.

Conclusions

Efferdent, Polident, and Val-clean denture tablets are effective bactericidal agents against S. aureus in vitro, regardless of the denture base material used. These findings support their use in daily denture hygiene routines, particularly in reducing bacterial colonization on removable prostheses.

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不同洗牙片对两种义齿基托材料上金黄色葡萄球菌抗菌性能的评价

本研究旨在评价市售的Efferdent、Polident和Val-clean三种义齿清洁片对两种义齿基托材料（磨粒聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA）和3D打印义齿树脂）上形成的金黄色葡萄球菌生物膜的抗菌效果。材料与方法制作80个样品，每种义齿基托材料40个样品：CAD/CAM铣削PMMA (Lucitone Digital Fit LT；Dentsply Sirona, Charlotte， NC， USA)和3D打印树脂(义齿基托树脂；Formlabs Inc., Somerville， MA， USA)。每组分为4个亚组（n = 10），分别是Efferdent、Polident、Val-clean和去离子水（对照组）。表面粗糙度测量使用数字轮廓仪(Digiprofilo I；数字仪器，康科德，ON，加拿大)。样品暴露于金黄色葡萄球菌在胰蛋白酶豆汤（TSB），随后用清洁溶液处理。采用串联稀释法测定菌落形成单位（cfu）。为了区分杀菌和抑菌效果，将标准化的金黄色葡萄球菌培养物与清洗剂一起孵育16小时，然后进行光密度测量、LIVE/DEAD染色（Invitrogen公司，Carlsbad, California）和TSB琼脂镀。统计学分析采用单因素方差分析和Dunnett多重比较检验，显著性设置为p <； 0.05。结果3D打印样品和铣削样品在处理前的表面粗糙度有显著差异（p < 0.0001）。与对照组相比，所有清洗液组的cfu明显减少（p < 0.05）。所有义齿清洁液都显示出对金黄色葡萄球菌的杀菌活性，这表明琼脂板上没有CFU生长，处理后LIVE/DEAD染色中缺乏活细胞。两种义齿材料表现出相当的微生物粘附性和对清洁剂的反应。结论Efferdent、Polident和Val-clean义齿片与义齿基托材料无关，均是体外有效的金黄色葡萄球菌杀菌剂。这些发现支持它们在日常义齿卫生常规中的应用，特别是在减少可移动义齿上的细菌定植方面。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Clinical and Experimental Dental Research DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE-

CiteScore

3.30

自引率

5.60%

发文量

165

审稿时长

26 weeks

期刊介绍： Clinical and Experimental Dental Research aims to provide open access peer-reviewed publications of high scientific quality representing original clinical, diagnostic or experimental work within all disciplines and fields of oral medicine and dentistry. The scope of Clinical and Experimental Dental Research comprises original research material on the anatomy, physiology and pathology of oro-facial, oro-pharyngeal and maxillofacial tissues, and functions and dysfunctions within the stomatognathic system, and the epidemiology, aetiology, prevention, diagnosis, prognosis and therapy of diseases and conditions that have an effect on the homeostasis of the mouth, jaws, and closely associated structures, as well as the healing and regeneration and the clinical aspects of replacement of hard and soft tissues with biomaterials, and the rehabilitation of stomatognathic functions. Studies that bring new knowledge on how to advance health on the individual or public health levels, including interactions between oral and general health and ill-health are welcome.