Comprehensive evaluation of energy security in the Yellow River Basin based on the DPSIR-TOPSIS method

Abstract

As a critical demographic and economic corridor, the Yellow River Basin's energy security status exerts a direct influence on China's overall energy security. To investigate the spatiotemporal evolution of energy security within this region from 2011 to 2020, this study establishes a three-dimensional dynamic evaluation framework. An energy security index system comprising 21 indicators was developed based on the Driving force–Pressure–State–Impact–Response (DPSIR) model, integrating policy requirements and regional development characteristics. The global entropy method and the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method were employed to assess energy security performance, while an obstacle degree model identified critical influencing factors. Results indicate that energy security generally improved during the study period, with the average index values exhibiting a spatial pattern of midstream (0.510) > upstream (0.370) > downstream (0.320). Provincial trends diverged significantly: Gansu and Qinghai demonstrated pronounced upward trajectories, whereas Ningxia and Inner Mongolia experienced substantial fluctuations. Energy production and consumption emerged as dominant factors, with provinces actively promoting new energy initiatives gaining strategic advantages. Evidence-based policy implications are proposed to enhance energy security through optimized energy supply structures, regional coordination mechanisms, and clean consumption pathways.