Optimizing coal gangue reactivity for geopolymer applications: A comprehensive study on high-energy grinding parameters

IF 4.6 2区工程技术 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Powder Technology Pub Date : 2025-07-21 DOI:10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121441

S.N.A. Bakil , Sofiia Dibrova , Sandra Breitung-Faes , Gábor Mucsi

{"title":"Optimizing coal gangue reactivity for geopolymer applications: A comprehensive study on high-energy grinding parameters","authors":"S.N.A. Bakil , Sofiia Dibrova , Sandra Breitung-Faes , Gábor Mucsi","doi":"10.1016/j.powtec.2025.121441","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The coal gangue (CG), a prominent industrial coal mining waste, for sustainable construction materials is a key focus of this research. We employed mechanical activation via a planetary ball mill to enhance coal gangue reactivity for geopolymer application. A systematic experimental design explored the influence of crucial grinding parameters: grinding media size d<sub>GM</sub>, rotational speed (rpm), and grinding time (t<sub>g</sub>). A primary objective was to optimize the specific grinding energy (E<sub>m</sub>), recognizing the substantial energy consumption associated with ball milling. The effectiveness of mechanical activation was rigorously evaluated by analysing changes in particle size distribution (PSD), stressing conditions (CF, <em>SE</em> and <em>SI</em>), phases analysis X-ray diffraction (XRD), morphological of powder by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and chemical bonding by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Subsequently, the performance of the developed geopolymers was comprehensively assessed through visual observation, compressive strength measurements, and detailed analysis of reaction mechanisms. Our results demonstrate a significant improvement in geopolymer properties directly attributable to increased geometric specific surface area and reduced particle size of the mechanically activated coal gangue. This research elucidates a strong correlation between particle characteristics (size and geometric surface area), specific grinding energy E<sub>m</sub> and stressing intensity <em>SI</em>, and the overall mechanically activated coal gangue, ultimately its efficacy in geopolymer applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":407,"journal":{"name":"Powder Technology","volume":"466 ","pages":"Article 121441"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6000,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Powder Technology","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0032591025008368","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

The coal gangue (CG), a prominent industrial coal mining waste, for sustainable construction materials is a key focus of this research. We employed mechanical activation via a planetary ball mill to enhance coal gangue reactivity for geopolymer application. A systematic experimental design explored the influence of crucial grinding parameters: grinding media size d_GM, rotational speed (rpm), and grinding time (t_g). A primary objective was to optimize the specific grinding energy (E_m), recognizing the substantial energy consumption associated with ball milling. The effectiveness of mechanical activation was rigorously evaluated by analysing changes in particle size distribution (PSD), stressing conditions (CF, SE and SI), phases analysis X-ray diffraction (XRD), morphological of powder by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and chemical bonding by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Subsequently, the performance of the developed geopolymers was comprehensively assessed through visual observation, compressive strength measurements, and detailed analysis of reaction mechanisms. Our results demonstrate a significant improvement in geopolymer properties directly attributable to increased geometric specific surface area and reduced particle size of the mechanically activated coal gangue. This research elucidates a strong correlation between particle characteristics (size and geometric surface area), specific grinding energy E_m and stressing intensity SI, and the overall mechanically activated coal gangue, ultimately its efficacy in geopolymer applications.

Abstract Image

查看原文本刊更多论文

优化煤矸石反应性用于地聚合物：高能磨矿参数的综合研究

煤矸石作为一种重要的工业采煤废弃物，作为可持续建筑材料是本研究的重点。我们采用机械活化通过行星球磨机提高煤矸石反应性地聚合物应用。通过系统的实验设计，探讨了磨削介质尺寸dGM、转速（rpm）、磨削时间（tg）等关键磨削参数对磨削性能的影响。主要目标是优化比磨能量（Em），认识到与球磨相关的大量能源消耗。通过粒度分布（PSD）、应力条件（CF、SE和SI）、物相分析x射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）和傅立叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）对机械活化的有效性进行了严格评价。随后，通过目测、抗压强度测试和详细的反应机理分析，对所研制的地聚合物的性能进行了综合评价。我们的研究结果表明，地质聚合物性能的显著改善直接归因于机械活化煤矸石的几何比表面积的增加和粒径的减小。该研究阐明了颗粒特性（尺寸和几何表面积）、比磨能Em和应力强度SI与整体机械活化煤矸石之间的强相关性，最终其在地聚合物中的应用效果。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Powder Technology 工程技术-工程：化工

CiteScore

9.90

自引率

15.40%

发文量

1047

审稿时长

46 days

期刊介绍： Powder Technology is an International Journal on the Science and Technology of Wet and Dry Particulate Systems. Powder Technology publishes papers on all aspects of the formation of particles and their characterisation and on the study of systems containing particulate solids. No limitation is imposed on the size of the particles, which may range from nanometre scale, as in pigments or aerosols, to that of mined or quarried materials. The following list of topics is not intended to be comprehensive, but rather to indicate typical subjects which fall within the scope of the journal's interests: Formation and synthesis of particles by precipitation and other methods. Modification of particles by agglomeration, coating, comminution and attrition. Characterisation of the size, shape, surface area, pore structure and strength of particles and agglomerates (including the origins and effects of inter particle forces). Packing, failure, flow and permeability of assemblies of particles. Particle-particle interactions and suspension rheology. Handling and processing operations such as slurry flow, fluidization, pneumatic conveying. Interactions between particles and their environment, including delivery of particulate products to the body. Applications of particle technology in production of pharmaceuticals, chemicals, foods, pigments, structural, and functional materials and in environmental and energy related matters. For materials-oriented contributions we are looking for articles revealing the effect of particle/powder characteristics (size, morphology and composition, in that order) on material performance or functionality and, ideally, comparison to any industrial standard.