Sex differences in the association between episodic memory residual reserve index and change in executive function

IF 2.7 Q3 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY

Aging brain Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI:10.1016/j.nbas.2025.100146

Cheyenne Chooi , Brandon E. Gavett , David Ames , Paul Maruff , Vincent Doré , Victor L. Villemagne , Pierrick Bourgeat , Ying Xia , Colin L. Masters , Ralph N. Martins , Kevin Taddei , Christopher C. Rowe , Michael Weinborn , Stephanie R. Rainey-Smith

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Abstract

Sex differences in cognitive reserve might contribute to females being disproportionately affected by Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We investigated sex differences in the protective effects of cognitive reserve, and whether brain beta-amyloid accounts for differences. Older adults (n = 997 from the Australian Imaging, Biomarkers and Lifestyle Study of Ageing) diagnosed as Cognitively Normal, Mild Cognitive Impairment, or AD at baseline were assessed every 18 months for up to a maximum of seven visits. Cognitive reserve was calculated from the variance in episodic memory not explained by demographic or brain measures. Executive functioning (EF) intercept and slope were regressed onto the main and interaction effects of cognitive reserve x brain integrity x sex, plus covariates (age, number of APOE ε4 alleles). A three-way interaction was observed between cognitive reserve, brain integrity, and sex on the EF slope. Females benefitted more than males from the protective effects of cognitive reserve at low levels of brain integrity. Sex differences in the protective effect of cognitive reserve were not moderated by brain beta-amyloid burden.

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情景记忆剩余储备指数与执行功能变化相关性的性别差异

认知储备的性别差异可能导致女性患阿尔茨海默病（AD）的比例失调。我们研究了认知储备保护作用的性别差异，以及大脑β -淀粉样蛋白是否解释了差异。来自澳大利亚老龄化成像、生物标志物和生活方式研究的997名老年人（n = 997）在基线时被诊断为认知正常、轻度认知障碍或AD，每18个月评估一次，最多7次。认知储备是根据情景记忆的差异来计算的，不能用人口统计学或大脑测量来解释。执行功能（EF）截距和斜率回归到认知储备、脑完整性、性别以及协变量（年龄、APOE ε4等位基因数量）的主效应和交互效应。在EF斜率上，认知储备、脑完整性和性别之间存在三方交互作用。女性比男性更受益于认知储备在低水平大脑完整性下的保护作用。认知储备保护作用的性别差异不受脑β -淀粉样蛋白负荷的影响。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Aging brain Neuroscience (General), Geriatrics and Gerontology

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