A case report of cutaneous Langerhans cell Histiocytosis in an infant: a therapeutic challenge.

Abstract

Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare clonal disorder of immature CD1a-positive dendritic cells, most commonly affecting children, with peak incidence between ages 1 and 3. This report presents a unique case of multifocal cutaneous LCH with cervical lymphadenopathy in a 7-month-old infant. The patient exhibited an unusual pattern of treatment resistance, failing to respond adequately to corticosteroids and vinblastine-prednisone, before achieving remission with methotrexate. This highlights the therapeutic challenges in managing refractory pediatric LCH and the need for alternative treatment approaches in such cases. This case emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis, tailored treatment regimens, and the potential utility of methotrexate in refractory cases. Comprehensive evaluation and multidisciplinary care are critical for managing this rare disease and minimizing its impact on quality of life.