Kameron Iturralde, Kanwar Boparai, Scott Veldhuizen, Peter Selby, Laurie Zawertailo
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Rationale: Attentional bias (AB) is a key behavioural feature known to contribute to the maintenance of tobacco use; however, little information exists on whether e-cigarette users display an AB.
Objectives: We aimed to measure differences in AB between exclusive cigarette smokers and exclusive e-cigarette users. Our secondary aim was to compare overnight abstinence and sated conditions on AB within e-cigarette users and cigarette smokers.
Methods: Participants included exclusive e-cigarette users (n = 28), cigarette smokers (n = 29), and healthy non-nicotine-using controls (n = 18). AB was measured using a free-viewing eye-tracking task. Participants were shown 85 slides, each containing 4 competing images, with test images relating to one of the following cue categories; vaping, smoking, and competing smoking versus vaping. The primary outcome was relative fixation time (RFT) (in ms). AB was determined by subtracting the mean RFT of the neutral images from the mean RFT of the test images.
Results: E-cigarette users exhibited significantly higher AB towards vaping-related (d = 1.107, p = 0.002) and smoking-related cues (d = 0.1080, p = 0.001) compared to non-using controls. Additionally, e-cigarette users and cigarette smokers both showed a preference for their product's cues in the competing smoking versus vaping cue category. The only difference observed between the abstinent and sated states was cigarette smokers showing a greater preference for smoking-related cues over vaping-related cues in their abstinent state compared to sated (d = 0.644, p < 0.001).
Conclusions: E-cigarette users show AB to both vaping- and smoking-related cues, suggesting possible AB transfer between the two products. AB does not appear to be sensitive to acute withdrawal states.
期刊介绍：
Official Journal of the European Behavioural Pharmacology Society (EBPS)
Psychopharmacology is an international journal that covers the broad topic of elucidating mechanisms by which drugs affect behavior. The scope of the journal encompasses the following fields:
Human Psychopharmacology: Experimental
This section includes manuscripts describing the effects of drugs on mood, behavior, cognition and physiology in humans. The journal encourages submissions that involve brain imaging, genetics, neuroendocrinology, and developmental topics. Usually manuscripts in this section describe studies conducted under controlled conditions, but occasionally descriptive or observational studies are also considered.
Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Translational
This section comprises studies addressing the broad intersection of drugs and psychiatric illness. This includes not only clinical trials and studies of drug usage and metabolism, drug surveillance, and pharmacoepidemiology, but also work utilizing the entire range of clinically relevant methodologies, including neuroimaging, pharmacogenetics, cognitive science, biomarkers, and others. Work directed toward the translation of preclinical to clinical knowledge is especially encouraged. The key feature of submissions to this section is that they involve a focus on clinical aspects.
Preclinical psychopharmacology: Behavioral and Neural
This section considers reports on the effects of compounds with defined chemical structures on any aspect of behavior, in particular when correlated with neurochemical effects, in species other than humans. Manuscripts containing neuroscientific techniques in combination with behavior are welcome. We encourage reports of studies that provide insight into the mechanisms of drug action, at the behavioral and molecular levels.
Preclinical Psychopharmacology: Translational
This section considers manuscripts that enhance the confidence in a central mechanism that could be of therapeutic value for psychiatric or neurological patients, using disease-relevant preclinical models and tests, or that report on preclinical manipulations and challenges that have the potential to be translated to the clinic. Studies aiming at the refinement of preclinical models based upon clinical findings (back-translation) will also be considered. The journal particularly encourages submissions that integrate measures of target tissue exposure, activity on the molecular target and/or modulation of the targeted biochemical pathways.
Preclinical Psychopharmacology: Molecular, Genetic and Epigenetic
This section focuses on the molecular and cellular actions of neuropharmacological agents / drugs, and the identification / validation of drug targets affecting the CNS in health and disease. We particularly encourage studies that provide insight into the mechanisms of drug action at the molecular level. Manuscripts containing evidence for genetic or epigenetic effects on neurochemistry or behavior are welcome.
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