Weight of time: exploring the link between obesity and aging

Abstract

Obesity and aging are interrelated public health concerns, with growing prevalence, especially as global demographics shift toward an older population. This narrative review explores the mechanisms through which obesity accelerates the aging process, focusing on major aging pathways affected by obesity, including deregulated nutrient sensing, telomeres attrition, epigenetic alterations, mitochondrial dysfunction, stem cell exhaustion, and altered intercellular communication. Evidence suggests that these disruptions not only drive age-related diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and neurodegenerative conditions, but also exacerbate mobility limitations, cognitive decline, and reduced quality of life in older adults. The role of lifestyle interventions, particularly adherence to the Mediterranean diet, is emphasized for its anti-inflammatory and metabolic benefits, alongside strategies to address the social and psychological impacts of obesity on aging. By recognizing obesity as a significant modifiable risk factor for accelerated aging, this review advocates comprehensive and targeted interventions to promote healthier aging and improve quality of life in older populations globally.