Comprehensive heavy metal remediation mechanisms with insights into CRISPR-Cas9 and biochar innovations

IF 3.2 4区生物学 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Biodegradation Pub Date : 2025-07-25 DOI:10.1007/s10532-025-10165-x

Akansha Garg, Prerna Chauhan, Charanjeet Kaur, Pankaj Kumar Arora, Sanjay Kumar Garg, Vijay Pal Singh, Krishna Pal Singh, Alok Srivastava

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Heavy metal contamination of the environment is a serious issue, and more efficient and effective bioremediation techniques are needed. This review introduces current heavy metal bioremediation techniques, with focus on phytoremediation and microbial remediation, and recent developments in biochar and CRISPR-Cas9 technology. Phytoremediation employs the natural process of plants to accumulate and detoxify metals as an eco-friendly and sustainable technique. Microbial remediation by fungi and bacteria provides an additional approach through reduction, sequestration, and transformation of metals. Biochar as a high-carbon value-added pyrolytic biomass product improves soil quality, increases microbial activity, and adsorbs heavy metals, making bioremediation more effective. The discovery of CRISPR-Cas9 revolutionized gene engineering by allowing gene editing of plants and microbes to improve their metal tolerance and degradation. This review outlines recent developments, synergistic uses of biochar and CRISPR-Cas9, and how they might enhance phytoremediation and microbial remediation. By combining such novel technologies, strong, sustainable, and scalable solutions could be built for curbing heavy metal pollution and safeguarding environmental health.

Graphical abstract

查看原文本刊更多论文

综合重金属修复机制与CRISPR-Cas9和生物炭创新的见解。

环境重金属污染是一个严重的问题，需要更高效和有效的生物修复技术。本文综述了目前重金属生物修复技术，重点介绍了植物修复和微生物修复，以及生物炭和CRISPR-Cas9技术的最新进展。植物修复利用植物的自然过程来积累和解毒金属，是一种环保和可持续的技术。真菌和细菌的微生物修复提供了另一种通过减少、隔离和转化金属的方法。生物炭作为一种高碳附加值的热解生物质产品，可以改善土壤质量，增加微生物活性，吸附重金属，使生物修复更加有效。CRISPR-Cas9的发现彻底改变了基因工程，允许对植物和微生物进行基因编辑，以提高它们对金属的耐受性和降解能力。本文概述了生物炭和CRISPR-Cas9的最新进展、协同应用以及它们如何增强植物修复和微生物修复。通过结合这些新技术，可以建立强有力的、可持续的和可扩展的解决方案，以遏制重金属污染和保护环境健康。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Biodegradation 工程技术-生物工程与应用微生物

CiteScore

5.60

自引率

0.00%

发文量

审稿时长

6 months

期刊介绍： Biodegradation publishes papers, reviews and mini-reviews on the biotransformation, mineralization, detoxification, recycling, amelioration or treatment of chemicals or waste materials by naturally-occurring microbial strains, microbial associations, or recombinant organisms. Coverage spans a range of topics, including Biochemistry of biodegradative pathways; Genetics of biodegradative organisms and development of recombinant biodegrading organisms; Molecular biology-based studies of biodegradative microbial communities; Enhancement of naturally-occurring biodegradative properties and activities. Also featured are novel applications of biodegradation and biotransformation technology, to soil, water, sewage, heavy metals and radionuclides, organohalogens, high-COD wastes, straight-, branched-chain and aromatic hydrocarbons; Coverage extends to design and scale-up of laboratory processes and bioreactor systems. Also offered are papers on economic and legal aspects of biological treatment of waste.