Transcription factor YBX1 orchestrates drug resistance and tumor progression in HCC

Abstract

Drug resistance continues to be a significant challenge in cancer treatment, responsible for over 90% of worldwide cancer-related deaths. Transcription factors (TFs), which control vital cellular processes, also play a crucial role in cancer development and resistance. In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), resistance to sorafenib, a primary targeted therapy, significantly impairs treatment effectiveness and worsens patient outcomes. Among TFs, Y-box binding protein 1 (YBX1) has been recognized as a regulator of aggressive cancer traits in colorectal and breast cancers. However, its role in HCC and sorafenib resistance remains unclear. This review examines YBX1’s role in HCC progression and drug resistance, its underlying molecular mechanisms, and its potential as a biomarker and therapeutic target for overcoming sorafenib resistance.