Assessment of contraceptive morbidity: Associated factors, and its role in further contraceptive utilization – An analytical cross-sectional study from the field practice area of a medical college in Sikkim, India

IF 1.7 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health Pub Date : 2025-07-24 DOI:10.1016/j.cegh.2025.102122

Aeleesha Rai, Binu Upreti, Deepika Gurung

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background

The term “Contraceptive Morbidity" was coined by the WHO to describe conditions resulting from the use of contraceptive methods such as menstrual irregularities, weight gain, disturbances of appetite, headache, lower abdominal pain, acne, mood swings, decreased libido, dermatitis, uterine perforation etc. The study aimed to examine the role of such contraceptive morbidity in further contraceptive use and to identify the factors associated with contraceptive morbidity.

Materials and methods

The present study is a community-based cross-sectional observational epidemiological study conducted over 1 year from July 2022 to July 2023. The study included 410 female partners of eligible couples who were “ever users" of contraceptives. A pre-designed and pre-tested questionnaire was the study tool. Probability proportional to size sampling was applied to distribute the sample into urban and rural areas. Participants were selected using systematic random sampling. With the help of ASHAs (Accredited Social Health Activists), these individuals were located and data was collected through house-to-house visits.

Result

The prevalence of contraceptive morbidity was found to be higher among 31–35 years old, Hindu, unemployed women, from Other Backward Class (OBC), belonging to middle socioeconomic status and lower educational level and having irregular menstrual cycle, and having 1–2 children. Women who received counselling were less likely to report experiencing contraceptive morbidity. On chi-square analysis statistically significant associations were found between age, educational level, occupation, socioeconomic status, reproductive history, and counselling with contraceptive morbidity. 30 % of participants switched their contraceptive method, and 32 % discontinued the method due to contraceptive morbidity. Among those who discontinued, 72 % experienced unintended pregnancies, with 52 % resulting in live births.

Conclusion

The discontinuation of contraceptive methods as a result of contraceptive morbidities contributes largely to the unmet need of contraception among women. The findings underscore the importance of improving contraceptive counselling and follow-up care to address contraceptive morbidities and thus reduce the unmet need for contraception among women.

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避孕发病率评估：相关因素及其在进一步使用避孕药具中的作用——一项来自印度锡金一所医学院实地实践区的分析性横断面研究

“避孕发病率”一词是由世界卫生组织创造的，用来描述因使用避孕方法而导致的状况，如月经不规律、体重增加、食欲不振、头痛、下腹痛、痤疮、情绪波动、性欲下降、皮炎、子宫穿孔等。这项研究的目的是审查这种避孕药具发病率在进一步使用避孕药具方面的作用，并查明与避孕药具发病率有关的因素。材料和方法本研究是一项基于社区的横断面观察性流行病学研究，于2022年7月至2023年7月进行了为期1年的研究。该研究包括410名符合条件的女性伴侣，她们“曾经使用过”避孕药具。预先设计和测试的问卷是研究工具。采用与大小成比例的概率抽样，将样本分布到城市和农村地区。研究对象采用系统随机抽样的方法进行选择。在ASHAs（认可的社会卫生活动家）的帮助下，找到了这些人，并通过挨家挨户的访问收集了数据。结果31 ~ 35岁、印度教、无业、其他落后阶层（OBC）、中等社会经济地位、文化程度较低、月经周期不规律、育有1 ~ 2个子女的妇女避孕患病率较高。接受咨询的妇女报告出现避孕发病率的可能性较低。卡方分析发现年龄、教育水平、职业、社会经济地位、生育史和咨询与避孕发病率之间存在统计学意义的关联。30%的参与者改变了他们的避孕方法，32%的参与者由于避孕发病率而停止了避孕方法。在停止用药的人中，72%的人意外怀孕，52%的人活产。结论妇女避孕需求未得到满足的主要原因是由于避孕药具发病率导致的避孕方法中断。调查结果强调了改善避孕咨询和后续护理的重要性，以解决避孕发病率，从而减少妇女未满足的避孕需求。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH-

CiteScore

4.60

自引率

7.70%

发文量

218

审稿时长

66 days

期刊介绍： Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health (CEGH) is a multidisciplinary journal and it is published four times (March, June, September, December) a year. The mandate of CEGH is to promote articles on clinical epidemiology with focus on developing countries in the context of global health. We also accept articles from other countries. It publishes original research work across all disciplines of medicine and allied sciences, related to clinical epidemiology and global health. The journal publishes Original articles, Review articles, Evidence Summaries, Letters to the Editor. All articles published in CEGH are peer-reviewed and published online for immediate access and citation.