Sleep regularity and duration are associated with depression severity in a nationally representative United States sample

Q2 Medicine

Neurobiology of Sleep and Circadian Rhythms Pub Date : 2025-07-17 DOI:10.1016/j.nbscr.2025.100133

Katherine A. Maki, Li Yang, Nicole Farmer, Shreya Papneja, Gwenyth R. Wallen, Jennifer J. Barb

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background

Sleep hygiene is integral to health, and sleep regularity may be associated with mental health outcomes in addition to duration. Although sleep and depression relationships are well-studied, the relative impact of different sleep factors remains unclear. As patient-specific factors and health behaviors influence sleep and mental health, we investigated associations between sleep and depression severity considering such factors in a United States sample of adults.

Methods

Two cycles (2011–2012, 2013–2014) from the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey were studied. Objective sleep duration (day and night), and the sleep regularity index (SRI) were calculated from physical activity monitors worn for seven days. Complex survey procedures with four-year weights were used, and backward selection was used to test relevant variables in the fully adjusted regression model.

Results

Among participants (n = 7297), we found associations between sleep-associated variables and SRI, with increased daytime sleep being the strongest correlate of decreased SRI. In the fully adjusted model, lower SRI scores and reduced subjective night sleep remained significantly associated with depression. Sex was an additional independent predictor, with females exhibiting higher depression scores, and a significant sex × SRI interaction revealed that the inverse relationship between SRI and depressive symptoms was stronger in females than in males. Health behaviors, including active tobacco and cannabis use, were also associated with increased depression severity in the adjusted model.

Conclusions

Daytime sleep may serve as an SRI proxy, although additional cohorts should confirm relationships. Higher depression severity was associated with different sleep components, emphasizing the importance of sleep hygiene in mental health. Behaviors like current smoking and cannabis use were also associated with increased depression. Research exploring the temporality and interactions between these factors may assist in non-pharmacologic depression treatment.

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在具有全国代表性的美国样本中，睡眠规律和持续时间与抑郁症严重程度有关

睡眠卫生是健康不可或缺的一部分，除了持续时间外，睡眠规律可能与心理健康结果有关。尽管睡眠和抑郁的关系已经得到了充分的研究，但不同睡眠因素的相对影响仍不清楚。由于患者特有的因素和健康行为影响睡眠和心理健康，我们在美国成年人样本中考虑了这些因素，调查了睡眠和抑郁严重程度之间的关系。方法对2011-2012年、2013-2014年两个周期的全国健康与营养检查调查进行分析。客观睡眠时间（白天和黑夜）和睡眠规律指数（SRI）由佩戴7天的身体活动监测仪计算。采用四年权的复杂调查程序，并采用逆向选择对完全调整回归模型中的相关变量进行检验。在参与者（n = 7297）中，我们发现睡眠相关变量与SRI之间存在关联，白天睡眠增加与SRI降低的相关性最强。在完全调整的模型中，较低的SRI得分和较少的主观夜间睡眠仍然与抑郁症显著相关。性别是另一个独立的预测因子，女性表现出更高的抑郁评分，显著的性别× SRI交互作用表明，女性的SRI与抑郁症状之间的负相关强于男性。在调整后的模型中，健康行为，包括积极使用烟草和大麻，也与抑郁症严重程度的增加有关。结论：白天睡眠可以作为SRI的替代指标，但需要更多的队列来证实两者之间的关系。较高的抑郁严重程度与不同的睡眠成分有关，强调了睡眠卫生对心理健康的重要性。目前吸烟和使用大麻等行为也与抑郁症的增加有关。探索这些因素之间的时间性和相互作用的研究可能有助于非药物治疗抑郁症。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Neurobiology of Sleep and Circadian Rhythms Neuroscience-Behavioral Neuroscience

CiteScore

4.50

自引率

0.00%

发文量

审稿时长

69 days

期刊介绍： Neurobiology of Sleep and Circadian Rhythms is a multidisciplinary journal for the publication of original research and review articles on basic and translational research into sleep and circadian rhythms. The journal focuses on topics covering the mechanisms of sleep/wake and circadian regulation from molecular to systems level, and on the functional consequences of sleep and circadian disruption. A key aim of the journal is the translation of basic research findings to understand and treat sleep and circadian disorders. Topics include, but are not limited to: Basic and translational research, Molecular mechanisms, Genetics and epigenetics, Inflammation and immunology, Memory and learning, Neurological and neurodegenerative diseases, Neuropsychopharmacology and neuroendocrinology, Behavioral sleep and circadian disorders, Shiftwork, Social jetlag.