Calcium hypochlorite‑potassium ferrate synergy: A novel strategy for stabilizing Fe(VI) while enhancing coagulation for emerging contaminants removal in source water

IF 6.7 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Journal of water process engineering Pub Date : 2025-07-29 DOI:10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.108427

Yang Song , Shibin Zhang , Haoxin Shen , Wen Qin , Jin Jiang , Jun Ma

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Abstract

In this study, calcium hypochlorite (Ca(ClO)₂) combined with potassium ferrate (Fe(VI)) (Ca(ClO)₂/Fe(VI)) oxidation system was developed to enhance the stability of Fe(VI) and removal efficacy of emerging contaminants. For the removal of micropollutants with various moieties, carbamazepine (CBZ) and phenol removals (50 % and 35 %) in the initial stage were enhanced by Ca(ClO)₂/Fe(VI) oxidation system, which were primarily attributed to the Ca(ClO)₂ enhanced micropollutant removal by stabilizing Fe(VI) through H₂O₂ scavenging in the Ca(ClO)₂/Fe(VI) system, increasing Fe(VI) exposure to boost direct degradation efficiency for Fe(VI)-reactive contaminants (CBZ or phenol), but showed limited efficacy for ClO⁻ reactive pollutants (SMX), because the reaction of Ca(ClO)₂ with SMX was more favorable than that of Fe(VI) with SMX. The microplastics (MPs) removal achieved by the Ca(ClO)₂/Fe(VI) oxidation system (86 %) was also higher than the sum values (65.69 %) achieved by each individual reactant, indicating the synergy of Ca(ClO)₂ and Fe(VI) could enhance coagulation and improve the removal efficiency of microplastics. Moreover, the UV₂₅₄, electron-donating capacity (EDC), and turbidity removals by Ca(ClO)₂/Fe(VI) oxidation system from simulated source water (36 %, 53 % and 32 %) and real source water (48 %, 86 % and 53 %) were higher than those by Fe(VI) alone (26 %, 43 % and 21 %). This study provided novel insights into optimizing Fe(VI)-based systems applied for pre-oxidation process in drinking water treatment.

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次氯酸钙-高铁酸钾协同作用：一种稳定铁（VI）的新策略，同时增强源水中新兴污染物去除的混凝

本研究采用次氯酸钙（Ca(ClO)2）联合高铁酸钾（Fe(VI)） (Ca（ClO)2/Fe(VI)）氧化体系来提高Fe（VI）的稳定性和对新出现污染物的去除效果。对于不同组分的微污染物的去除，Ca(ClO)2/Fe（VI）氧化系统在初始阶段提高了卡马西平（CBZ）和苯酚的去除率（50%和35%），这主要归因于Ca(ClO)2/Fe（VI）系统中通过H2O2清除稳定Fe(VI)，增加Fe（VI）暴露以提高对Fe(VI)-活性污染物（CBZ或苯酚）的直接降解效率，从而增强了Ca(ClO)2对微污染物的去除。但对ClO -反应性污染物（SMX）的效果有限，因为Ca(ClO)2与SMX的反应比Fe（VI）与SMX的反应更有利。Ca(ClO)2/Fe（VI）氧化体系对微塑料（MPs）的去除率（86%）也高于各反应物的总和（65.69%），说明Ca(ClO)2和Fe（VI）的协同作用增强了混凝作用，提高了微塑料的去除率。此外，Ca(ClO)2/Fe（VI）氧化系统对模拟水源水（36%、53%和32%）和真实水源水（48%、86%和53%）的UV254、给电子能力（EDC）和浊度的去除率均高于单独使用Fe（VI）的去除率（26%、43%和21%）。本研究为优化铁（VI）基系统在饮用水预氧化处理中的应用提供了新的见解。

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来源期刊

Journal of water process engineering Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology-Biotechnology

CiteScore

10.70

自引率

8.60%

发文量

846

审稿时长

24 days

期刊介绍： The Journal of Water Process Engineering aims to publish refereed, high-quality research papers with significant novelty and impact in all areas of the engineering of water and wastewater processing . Papers on advanced and novel treatment processes and technologies are particularly welcome. The Journal considers papers in areas such as nanotechnology and biotechnology applications in water, novel oxidation and separation processes, membrane processes (except those for desalination) , catalytic processes for the removal of water contaminants, sustainable processes, water reuse and recycling, water use and wastewater minimization, integrated/hybrid technology, process modeling of water treatment and novel treatment processes. Submissions on the subject of adsorbents, including standard measurements of adsorption kinetics and equilibrium will only be considered if there is a genuine case for novelty and contribution, for example highly novel, sustainable adsorbents and their use: papers on activated carbon-type materials derived from natural matter, or surfactant-modified clays and related minerals, would not fulfil this criterion. The Journal particularly welcomes contributions involving environmentally, economically and socially sustainable technology for water treatment, including those which are energy-efficient, with minimal or no chemical consumption, and capable of water recycling and reuse that minimizes the direct disposal of wastewater to the aquatic environment. Papers that describe novel ideas for solving issues related to water quality and availability are also welcome, as are those that show the transfer of techniques from other disciplines. The Journal will consider papers dealing with processes for various water matrices including drinking water (except desalination), domestic, urban and industrial wastewaters, in addition to their residues. It is expected that the journal will be of particular relevance to chemical and process engineers working in the field. The Journal welcomes Full Text papers, Short Communications, State-of-the-Art Reviews and Letters to Editors and Case Studies