Prenatal exposure to phthalates and preschool children’s intellectual scores: Effect modification by child sex

IF 9.7 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Carly V. Goodman , Christine Till , Sietske Berghuis , Joseph M. Braun , Gina Muckle , Aimin Chen , Youssef Oulhote , Bruce Lanphear , Jillian Ashley-Martin , Tye E. Arbuckle
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background

Some epidemiological studies suggest that phthalates adversely affect children’s neurodevelopment, but results are inconsistent and often only consider individual chemicals.

Objectives

We examined associations between gestational phthalate metabolites and intelligence at ages 3–4 and investigated effect modification by child sex.

Methods

We analyzed data from 511 mother–child pairs enrolled in the Maternal-Infant Research on Environmental Chemicals study. We measured specific gravity-standardized urinary concentrations of 20 phthalate metabolites (from nine parent compounds) in trimesters 1 and 2 and computed the average. We used linear regression models (log2-transformed), adjusting for covariates, to examine single-chemical associations with Full-Scale (FSIQ), Performance (PIQ), and Verbal IQ (VIQ) measured by the Weschler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence-III. We estimated mixture effects using weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression.

Results

Detection frequencies of the metabolites ranged from 42 to 99%. In single-chemical analyses, the sum of di-isodecyl phthalate metabolites (ΣDiDPm) was associated with decreased FSIQ (−0.5, 95%CI: −2.1, −0.0) and PIQ (−0.6, 95%CI: −1.2, −0.0). Monomethyl phthalate (MMP) was associated with increased FSIQ (1.7, 95%CI: 0.4, 3.1), PIQ (1.7, 95%CI: 0.2, 3.1) and VIQ; (1.6, 95%CI: 0.3, 2.8). Monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP) was positively associated with PIQ (0.9, 95%CI: 0.0, 1.9). Associations between ΣDiDPm and VIQ and MMP and PIQ differed by child sex (negative for boys and positive for girls, respectively). WQS analyses were not statistically significant.

Conclusions

Findings from this pan-Canadian cohort provide some evidence that gestational ΣDiDPm is adversely associated with child cognition, with sex-specific vulnerabilities. The positive associations with MMP and MBzP warrant further research.
产前接触邻苯二甲酸酯与学龄前儿童智力分数:儿童性别的影响
一些流行病学研究表明邻苯二甲酸盐对儿童神经发育有不利影响,但结果不一致,而且通常只考虑个别化学物质。目的研究孕期邻苯二甲酸酯代谢物与3-4岁儿童智力的关系,并探讨儿童性别对其影响的影响。方法分析了511对参与“母婴环境化学物质研究”的母婴数据。我们测量了妊娠1和妊娠2期20种邻苯二甲酸盐代谢物(来自9种母体化合物)的比重标准化尿液浓度,并计算了平均值。我们使用线性回归模型(log2转换),调整协变量,检验单一化学物质与Weschler学前和小学智力量表iii测量的全面(FSIQ),表现(PIQ)和言语智商(VIQ)的关联。我们使用加权分位数和(WQS)回归估计混合效应。结果代谢物的检出率为42% ~ 99%。在单化学分析中,邻苯二甲酸二异十二酯代谢物的总量(ΣDiDPm)与FSIQ (- 0.5, 95%CI: - 2.1, - 0.0)和PIQ (- 0.6, 95%CI: - 1.2, - 0.0)的降低有关。邻苯二甲酸一甲酯(MMP)与FSIQ (1.7, 95%CI: 0.4, 3.1)、PIQ (1.7, 95%CI: 0.2, 3.1)和VIQ升高相关;(1.6, 95%ci: 0.3, 2.8)。邻苯二甲酸一苯酯(MBzP)与PIQ呈正相关(0.9,95%CI: 0.0, 1.9)。ΣDiDPm与VIQ、MMP和PIQ之间的关联因儿童性别而异(男孩为负,女孩为正)。WQS分析无统计学意义。结论:来自这个泛加拿大队列的研究结果提供了一些证据,表明妊娠期ΣDiDPm与儿童认知和性别特异性脆弱性有不利关系。与MMP和MBzP的正相关值得进一步研究。
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来源期刊
Environment International
Environment International 环境科学-环境科学
CiteScore
21.90
自引率
3.40%
发文量
734
审稿时长
2.8 months
期刊介绍: Environmental Health publishes manuscripts focusing on critical aspects of environmental and occupational medicine, including studies in toxicology and epidemiology, to illuminate the human health implications of exposure to environmental hazards. The journal adopts an open-access model and practices open peer review. It caters to scientists and practitioners across all environmental science domains, directly or indirectly impacting human health and well-being. With a commitment to enhancing the prevention of environmentally-related health risks, Environmental Health serves as a public health journal for the community and scientists engaged in matters of public health significance concerning the environment.
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