{"title":"Adverse event reports of seizure for insomnia medication from 1967 to 2023.","authors":"Tae Hyeon Kim, Kyeongmin Lee, Jiyoung Hwang, Suhyun Lee, Hyesu Jo, Hanseul Cho, Hayeon Lee, Hye Jeong Baek, Jiseung Kang, Christa J Nehs, Guillaume Fond, Laurent Boyer, Eun Kyoung Chung, Dong Keon Yon","doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-11314-1","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Insomnia may negatively impact seizure control; however, the corresponding evidence remains limited. This study analyzed the seizure risk associated with various insomnia medications using a comprehensive pharmacovigilance database and identified safe options for patients at high risk of seizures. VigiBase, a database of adverse drug reaction reports from over 140 countries, comprises 35 million reports published from 1967 to 2023. Medications for insomnia include benzodiazepines, Z-drugs, antidepressants, atypical antipsychotics, first-generation H1 antagonists, orexin receptor agonists, melatonin, and melatonin receptor agonists. We assessed the association between insomnia medications and seizure risk by analyzing the reported odds ratio (ROR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and the information component (IC) with IC<sub>025</sub>. In total, 17,967 cases of seizures associated with insomnia medications were reported, revealing a significant association (ROR, 2.12 [95% CI, 2.09 to 2.15]; IC, 1.05 [IC<sub>025</sub>, 1.03]). Based on the mechanism of action, seizures were significantly associated with benzodiazepines (ROR, 2.56 [95% CI, 2.49 to 2.64]; IC, 1.34 [IC<sub>025</sub>, 1.29]), Z-drugs (ROR, 1.58 [1.49 to 1.69]; IC, 0.66 [0.56]), antidepressants (ROR, 2.52 [2.43 to 2.61]; IC, 1.32 [1.26]), atypical antipsychotics (ROR, 1.92 [1.88 to 1.97]; IC, 0.93 [0.89]), first-generation H1 antagonists (ROR, 2.08 [1.98 to 2.19]; IC, 1.05 [0.96]), and melatonin (ROR, 1.81 [1.49 to 2.20]; IC, 0.84 [0.51]). In contrast, orexin receptor antagonists (ROR, 0.81 [95% CI, 0.61 to 1.07]; IC, - 0.30 [IC<sub>025</sub>, - 0.77]) and melatonin receptor agonists (ROR, 1.20 [0.80 to 1.81]; IC, 0.26 [- 0.44]) showed no significant association with seizures. Although the disproportionality analysis did not allow causal interpretation, our study highlights significant variations in seizure signal among insomnia medications.</p>","PeriodicalId":21811,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":"27308"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9000,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Scientific Reports","FirstCategoryId":"103","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-11314-1","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Insomnia may negatively impact seizure control; however, the corresponding evidence remains limited. This study analyzed the seizure risk associated with various insomnia medications using a comprehensive pharmacovigilance database and identified safe options for patients at high risk of seizures. VigiBase, a database of adverse drug reaction reports from over 140 countries, comprises 35 million reports published from 1967 to 2023. Medications for insomnia include benzodiazepines, Z-drugs, antidepressants, atypical antipsychotics, first-generation H1 antagonists, orexin receptor agonists, melatonin, and melatonin receptor agonists. We assessed the association between insomnia medications and seizure risk by analyzing the reported odds ratio (ROR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and the information component (IC) with IC025. In total, 17,967 cases of seizures associated with insomnia medications were reported, revealing a significant association (ROR, 2.12 [95% CI, 2.09 to 2.15]; IC, 1.05 [IC025, 1.03]). Based on the mechanism of action, seizures were significantly associated with benzodiazepines (ROR, 2.56 [95% CI, 2.49 to 2.64]; IC, 1.34 [IC025, 1.29]), Z-drugs (ROR, 1.58 [1.49 to 1.69]; IC, 0.66 [0.56]), antidepressants (ROR, 2.52 [2.43 to 2.61]; IC, 1.32 [1.26]), atypical antipsychotics (ROR, 1.92 [1.88 to 1.97]; IC, 0.93 [0.89]), first-generation H1 antagonists (ROR, 2.08 [1.98 to 2.19]; IC, 1.05 [0.96]), and melatonin (ROR, 1.81 [1.49 to 2.20]; IC, 0.84 [0.51]). In contrast, orexin receptor antagonists (ROR, 0.81 [95% CI, 0.61 to 1.07]; IC, - 0.30 [IC025, - 0.77]) and melatonin receptor agonists (ROR, 1.20 [0.80 to 1.81]; IC, 0.26 [- 0.44]) showed no significant association with seizures. Although the disproportionality analysis did not allow causal interpretation, our study highlights significant variations in seizure signal among insomnia medications.
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