Dietary intakes in relation to nutrition recommendations and dietary quality in an Iranian adult population: the results of the Food and Nutrition Surveillance (FNS).

IF 2.8 3区 医学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Najmeh Seifi, Nasrin Talkhi, Zahra Khorasanchi, Sara Saffar Soflaei, Seyyed Reza Sobhani, Zahra Abdollahi, Ali Mottaghi Moghaddam Shahri, Maryam Mohammadi-BajgIran, Gordon A Ferns, Habibollah Esmaily, Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: The Iranian population faces a dual burden of overconsumption and nutrient insufficiency. Considering recent socioeconomic changes due to severe sanctions and the impact of the COVID-19 crisis, this research aimed to assess the energy, macronutrient, and micronutrient intakes of Iranian adults (19-60 years) and elderly individuals (> 60 years), based on the Food and Drug Administration dietary intake recommendations, through a survey.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional survey conducted from 2021 to 2022. The study included 1697 adults aged over18 years, selected from 11 geographical zones of Iran based on socio-economic and geographic similarities. All participants underwent dietary assessment using a validated 65-item Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Macronutrient and micronutrient intakes were compared with Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI). The Dietary Quality Index- International (DQI-I) was also calculated.

Results: In the adults aged 19-60 years, the mean usual energy intake was 2,321.64 ± 33.16 kcal/day. Carbohydrates, fat, and protein constituted 50.4%, 38.3%, and 13.45% of total energy intake, respectively. About 64.0% of women and 78.0% of men consumed fiber in amounts lower than recommended. The percentage of insufficiency was approximately 100% for retinol and vitamin D in both genders. Insufficient folate intake was 90.1% in women and 89.9% in men (p = 0.038). Excess sodium intake was more prevalent in men (p = 0.003). In the elderly (> 60 years), the mean usual energy intake was 1,987 kcal/day. Carbohydrates, fat, and protein constituted 52.98%, 35.88%, and 13.9% of total energy intake, respectively. The percentage of insufficiency for vitamin D, retinol, folate, selenium, and potassium intake was high (more than 80%) in both genders. Zinc insufficiency and excess sodium intake were significantly more prevalent in men.

Conclusions: This study indicated that carbohydrate and protein intakes were within the recommended ranges, while fat consumption was elevated in both adults and the elderly. Widespread micronutrient insufficiencies- especially in retinol, folate, vitamin D, potassium, and selenium- were evident across both genders and age groups. Excessive sodium consumption was more prevalent in men, along with a higher prevalence of zinc deficiency. These findings highlight the need for targeted dietary interventions to address nutritional gaps and promote healthier eating habits.

伊朗成年人口的膳食摄入量与营养建议和膳食质量的关系:食品和营养监测(FNS)的结果
背景:伊朗人口面临着过度消费和营养不足的双重负担。考虑到严厉制裁造成的近期社会经济变化和2019冠状病毒病危机的影响,本研究旨在通过一项调查,根据美国食品和药物管理局的膳食摄入量建议,评估伊朗成年人(19-60岁)和老年人(60 -60岁)的能量、宏量营养素和微量营养素摄入量。方法:采用横断面调查方法,调查时间为2021 - 2022年。这项研究包括1697名18岁以上的成年人,他们是根据社会经济和地理上的相似性从伊朗的11个地理区域中挑选出来的。所有参与者都使用经过验证的65项食物频率问卷(FFQ)进行饮食评估。将大量营养素和微量营养素摄入量与膳食参考摄入量(DRI)进行比较。并计算了国际膳食质量指数(DQI-I)。结果:19 ~ 60岁成人的平均正常能量摄入为2,321.64±33.16 kcal/d。碳水化合物、脂肪和蛋白质分别占总能量摄入的50.4%、38.3%和13.45%。大约64.0%的女性和78.0%的男性摄入的纤维量低于推荐量。无论男女,视黄醇和维生素D不足的比例都接近100%。叶酸摄入不足的女性为90.1%,男性为89.9% (p = 0.038)。过量钠摄入在男性中更为普遍(p = 0.003)。在老年人(60岁至60岁)中,平均通常能量摄入为1,987千卡/天。碳水化合物、脂肪和蛋白质分别占总能量摄入的52.98%、35.88%和13.9%。无论男女,维生素D、视黄醇、叶酸、硒和钾摄入不足的比例都很高(超过80%)。锌不足和钠摄入过量在男性中更为普遍。结论:这项研究表明,碳水化合物和蛋白质的摄入量在推荐范围内,而脂肪的摄入量在成年人和老年人中都有所增加。普遍的微量营养素缺乏——尤其是视黄醇、叶酸、维生素D、钾和硒——在男女和年龄组中都很明显。过量的钠摄入在男性中更为普遍,同时缺锌的患病率也更高。这些发现突出表明,需要采取有针对性的饮食干预措施,以解决营养缺口和促进更健康的饮食习惯。
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来源期刊
Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition
Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition 医学-公共卫生、环境卫生与职业卫生
CiteScore
2.20
自引率
0.00%
发文量
49
审稿时长
6 months
期刊介绍: Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition brings together research on all aspects of issues related to population, nutrition and health. The journal publishes articles across a broad range of topics including global health, maternal and child health, nutrition, common illnesses and determinants of population health.
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