Barriers and solutions for the European prescribing exam: a qualitative world café study.

IF 2.7 3区医学 Q3 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY

European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology Pub Date : 2025-07-26 DOI:10.1007/s00228-025-03886-8

Erik M Donker, Joost D Piët, David J Brinkman, Milan C Richir, Paraskevi Papaioannidou, Robert Likic, Emilio J Sanz, Thierry Christiaens, João N Costa, Fabrizio De Ponti, Milo Gatti, Ylva Böttiger, Cornelis Kramers, Michiel A van Agtmael, Jelle Tichelaar

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Purpose: To harmonize and modernize clinical pharmacology and therapeutics (CPT) education across Europe, we developed the European Prescribing Exam. Before its introduction into medical degree programs, it is crucial to understand the potential barriers to its implementation and ways to overcome them. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify barriers and potential solutions to the implementation of the European Prescribing Exam.

Methods: This qualitative World Café (WC) study involved CPT teachers who participated in a 2-day event focused on the European Prescribing Exam. There were five tables in the WC, each dedicated to a different topic of implementation: (1) organization, (2) technical aspects, (3) content, (4) rollout logistics, and (5) politics. Participants rotated randomly between the tables every 20 min. During each round, they were encouraged to identify barriers and solutions, which were then discussed. The rounds continued until data saturation was reached. Findings were summarized at the end of the WC. We used inductive thematic analysis using a semantic approach to analyze the data.

Results: In total, 26 CPT teachers (female: n = 14) from 19 medical schools in 15 European countries participated. After four rounds, 86 potential barriers and 86 solutions were identified. Most barriers were related to the topics "Content" (n = 22), "Organization" (n = 20), and "Technical aspects" (n = 18). Thematic analysis identified 11 themes, three of which were overarching, meaning they applied to multiple topics. The most significant themes included barriers related to curricula, motivation, information technology, and relevance.

Conclusion: This study shows that organizing and implementing the European Prescribing Exam will be challenging. However, participants proposed potential solutions for nearly all barriers, which suggest that the implementation of the European Prescribing Exam is feasible.

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欧洲处方考试的障碍和解决办法：一项定性的世界咖啡研究。

目的：为了协调和现代化整个欧洲的临床药理学和治疗学（CPT）教育，我们开发了欧洲处方考试。在将其引入医学学位课程之前，了解其实施的潜在障碍以及克服这些障碍的方法至关重要。因此，本研究的目的是确定障碍和潜在的解决方案，以实施欧洲处方考试。方法：本质性世界咖啡（WC）研究涉及CPT教师，他们参加了为期两天的欧洲处方考试活动。大会中有五个表，每个表专门用于实现的不同主题：(1)组织，(2)技术方面，(3)内容，(4)推出后勤，以及(5)政治。参与者每20分钟在桌子之间随机轮换一次。在每一轮中，他们被鼓励找出障碍和解决方案，然后进行讨论。这种循环一直持续到数据饱和为止。会议结束时总结了调查结果。我们使用归纳主题分析，使用语义方法来分析数据。结果：共有来自欧洲15个国家19所医学院的26名CPT教师（女：n = 14）参与。经过四个回合，确定了86个潜在障碍和86个解决方案。大多数障碍与主题“内容”（n = 22）、“组织”（n = 20）和“技术方面”（n = 18）有关。主题分析确定了11个主题，其中3个是包罗万象的，这意味着它们适用于多个主题。最重要的主题包括与课程、动机、信息技术和相关性相关的障碍。结论：本研究表明，组织和实施欧洲处方考试将具有挑战性。然而，与会者提出了几乎所有障碍的潜在解决方案，这表明实施欧洲处方考试是可行的。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 医学-药学

CiteScore

5.40

自引率

3.40%

发文量

170

审稿时长

3-8 weeks

期刊介绍： The European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology publishes original papers on all aspects of clinical pharmacology and drug therapy in humans. Manuscripts are welcomed on the following topics: therapeutic trials, pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics, pharmacogenetics, drug metabolism, adverse drug reactions, drug interactions, all aspects of drug development, development relating to teaching in clinical pharmacology, pharmacoepidemiology, and matters relating to the rational prescribing and safe use of drugs. Methodological contributions relevant to these topics are also welcomed. Data from animal experiments are accepted only in the context of original data in man reported in the same paper. EJCP will only consider manuscripts describing the frequency of allelic variants in different populations if this information is linked to functional data or new interesting variants. Highly relevant differences in frequency with a major impact in drug therapy for the respective population may be submitted as a letter to the editor. Straightforward phase I pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic studies as parts of new drug development will only be considered for publication if the paper involves -a compound that is interesting and new in some basic or fundamental way, or -methods that are original in some basic sense, or -a highly unexpected outcome, or -conclusions that are scientifically novel in some basic or fundamental sense.