Dual targeting of VEGFR2 and CSF1R with SYHA1813 confers novel strategy for treating both BRAF wild-type and mutant melanoma.

IF 6 2区 医学 Q1 ONCOLOGY
Wenhao Shi, Haotian Tang, Linjiang Tong, Peiran Song, Yuqing Huang, Zhipeng Wan, Gege Huang, Qiupei Liu, Zhengsheng Zhan, Yu Zhou, Yuantong Li, Jiaxin Wen, Bencan Tang, Wenhu Duan, Jian Ding, Xiaorui Li, Hua Xie
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: Melanoma is notorious for its aggressive growth, metastatic spread, and heterogeneous response to therapy across BRAF (B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase) genotypes. While BRAF inhibitors improve outcomes in V600E-mutant tumors, their benefit is limited in wild-type melanomas and by transient responses in mutant disease. Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) driven angiogenesis and colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF1R) mediated immunosuppression each sculpt a permissive tumor microenvironment. We hypothesized that simultaneous blockade of both axes with SYHA1813, which currently undergoing Phase II clinical trials in China for solid tumor treatment, would yield a broadly applicable, microenvironment-targeted strategy for melanoma treatment.

Methods: Subcutaneous xenograft models of BRAF wild-type (MeWo) and BRAF V600E-mutant (A375) melanoma were established (NOD-SCID mice), alongside an intracardiac metastasis model (Nude mice) using GFP-Luc-labeled A375 cells. SYHA1813 (2.5 mg/kg or 5 mg/kg), alone or combined with vemurafenib (20 mg/kg), was administered to assess tumor growth, metastatic burden, and microenvironmental modulation. Tumor growth inhibition rates and synergistic effects were quantified. The markers of angiogenesis, macrophage polarization and cell proliferation were analyzed via immunohistochemistry.

Results: SYHA1813 monotherapy exhibited significant antitumor efficacy in BRAF wild-type MeWo and BRAF V600E-mutant A375 melanoma xenograft models at 5 mg/kg, achieving 72.5% and 79.8% tumor growth inhibition, respectively, surpassing vemurafenib in BRAF wild-type tumors. Treatment regimens were well tolerated, with no significant body weight changes observed. Mechanistically, SYHA1813 suppressed angiogenesis, attenuated M2 macrophage infiltration, and inhibited tumor cell proliferation as marked by reduced CD31, CD105, F4/80, CD206 and Ki67 expression. Moreover, we evaluated the combination of SYHA1813 with vemurafenib in BRAF V600E-mutant models and found that 2.5 mg/kg SYHA1813 treatment synergized with vemurafenib, enhancing tumor suppression to 72.9% inhibition compared to each monotherapy (38.9% and 34.7%, respectively). Furthermore, we established a systemic intracardiac metastasis mouse model to assess the impact of SYHA1813 on melanoma metastasis. The results showed that SYHA1813 reduced systemic metastasis by 76.6%, significantly curtailing brain and bone metastases.

Conclusions: Dual targeting of VEGFR2 and CSF1R with SYHA1813 confers a novel microenvironmentcentric strategy for treating both BRAF wildtype and mutant melanoma. By concurrently disrupting angiogenesis and macrophagemediated immunosuppression, SYHA1813 demonstrates strong therapeutic and antimetastatic activity to melanoma, warranting further clinical development as monotherapy or in combination with BRAF V600E inhibitors.

SYHA1813双重靶向VEGFR2和CSF1R,为治疗BRAF野生型和突变型黑色素瘤提供了新的策略。
背景:黑色素瘤因其侵袭性生长、转移性扩散和对BRAF (B-Raf原癌基因,丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶)基因型治疗的异质反应而臭名昭著。虽然BRAF抑制剂改善了v600e突变肿瘤的预后,但其在野生型黑色素瘤中的益处有限,并且在突变性疾病中存在短暂反应。血管内皮生长因子受体2 (VEGFR2)驱动的血管生成和集落刺激因子-1受体(CSF1R)介导的免疫抑制分别塑造了一个允许的肿瘤微环境。我们假设SYHA1813同时阻断这两个轴,将产生一种广泛适用的、微环境靶向的黑色素瘤治疗策略。SYHA1813目前正在中国进行实体瘤治疗的II期临床试验。方法:采用gfp - luc标记的A375细胞,建立BRAF野生型(MeWo)和BRAF v600e突变型(A375)黑色素瘤皮下移植模型(NOD-SCID小鼠),同时建立心内转移模型(裸鼠)。SYHA1813 (2.5 mg/kg或5 mg/kg)单独使用或与vemurafenib (20 mg/kg)联合使用,以评估肿瘤生长、转移负担和微环境调节。量化肿瘤生长抑制率和协同效应。免疫组化分析血管生成、巨噬细胞极化和细胞增殖标志物。结果:SYHA1813单药治疗在BRAF野生型MeWo和BRAF v600e突变型A375黑色素瘤异种移植模型中显示出显著的抗肿瘤疗效,5 mg/kg剂量下,分别达到72.5%和79.8%的肿瘤生长抑制,超过vemurafenib在BRAF野生型肿瘤中的作用。治疗方案耐受性良好,未观察到明显的体重变化。SYHA1813抑制血管生成,减少M2巨噬细胞浸润,抑制肿瘤细胞增殖,其机制表现为降低CD31、CD105、F4/80、CD206和Ki67的表达。此外,我们在BRAF v600e突变模型中评估了SYHA1813与vemurafenib的联合治疗,发现2.5 mg/kg SYHA1813治疗与vemurafenib协同作用,与单独治疗相比,肿瘤抑制率提高至72.9%(分别为38.9%和34.7%)。此外,我们建立了全身心内转移小鼠模型,以评估SYHA1813对黑色素瘤转移的影响。结果显示,SYHA1813减少全身转移76.6%,显著减少脑和骨转移。结论:SYHA1813双重靶向VEGFR2和CSF1R,为治疗BRAF野生型和突变型黑色素瘤提供了一种新的微环境中心策略。通过同时破坏血管生成和巨噬介导的免疫抑制,SYHA1813对黑色素瘤显示出强大的治疗和抗转移活性,值得进一步的临床开发,作为单一疗法或与BRAF V600E抑制剂联合使用。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
10.90
自引率
1.70%
发文量
360
审稿时长
1 months
期刊介绍: Cancer Cell International publishes articles on all aspects of cancer cell biology, originating largely from, but not limited to, work using cell culture techniques. The journal focuses on novel cancer studies reporting data from biological experiments performed on cells grown in vitro, in two- or three-dimensional systems, and/or in vivo (animal experiments). These types of experiments have provided crucial data in many fields, from cell proliferation and transformation, to epithelial-mesenchymal interaction, to apoptosis, and host immune response to tumors. Cancer Cell International also considers articles that focus on novel technologies or novel pathways in molecular analysis and on epidemiological studies that may affect patient care, as well as articles reporting translational cancer research studies where in vitro discoveries are bridged to the clinic. As such, the journal is interested in laboratory and animal studies reporting on novel biomarkers of tumor progression and response to therapy and on their applicability to human cancers.
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