Fitness, Weight Status and Executive Functions in Adolescents: A Cluster Analysis

IF 3.8 2区医学 Q1 SPORT SCIENCES

Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports Pub Date : 2025-07-28 DOI:10.1111/sms.70098

Alberto Grao‐Cruces, Fátima Martín‐Acosta, Miguel Vaquero‐Solís, Abel Ruiz‐Hermosa, Daniel Camiletti‐Moirón, David Sánchez‐Oliva

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Low levels of physical fitness and the prevalence of obesity represent significant public health concerns that may adversely affect executive functions in adolescents. This study aimed to examine the associations between physical fitness and weight status clusters and executive functions in adolescents. A total of 1156 secondary school students aged 12–14 years participated in the study. Cluster analysis was conducted using field‐measured cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), muscular fitness (MF), and body mass index (BMI). Core executive functions, including inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility, and working memory, were assessed using computerized tests. Five profiles were identified: (1) Thin & Unfit, (2) Normal weight & Fit, (3) Fat & Strong, (4) Fat & Unfit, and (5) Thin & Aerobic. Participants with profiles characterized by higher CRF and MF levels and lower BMI demonstrated superior executive function compared to those with unfit profiles. This study underscores the importance of maintaining adequate levels of physical fitness and appropriate weight status in adolescents to support optimal performance of core executive functions. Furthermore, it highlights the interplay of the three components in mitigating the adverse effects of deficiencies in any one component.Trial Registration: Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT05891054 and NCT06254638

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青少年健康、体重状况与执行功能：一个聚类分析

身体健康水平低和肥胖的流行是重大的公共卫生问题，可能对青少年的执行功能产生不利影响。本研究旨在探讨青少年身体健康、体重状况集群和执行功能之间的关系。共有1156名12-14岁的中学生参与了这项研究。采用现场测量的心肺适能（CRF）、肌肉适能（MF）和体重指数（BMI）进行聚类分析。核心执行功能，包括抑制控制、认知灵活性和工作记忆，使用计算机测试进行评估。确定了五种型材：(1)薄；(2)体重正常；Fit, (3) Fat &；强壮，(4)肥胖；不适合；(5)瘦；有氧运动。与不健康的参与者相比，具有较高CRF和MF水平和较低BMI特征的参与者表现出更好的执行功能。这项研究强调了青少年保持足够的身体健康水平和适当的体重状态对于支持核心执行功能的最佳表现的重要性。此外，它强调了这三个组成部分在减轻任何一个组成部分缺乏的不利影响方面的相互作用。试验注册：Clinicaltrials.gov标识符：NCT05891054和NCT06254638

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来源期刊

Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports 医学-运动科学

CiteScore

7.90

自引率

4.90%

发文量

162

审稿时长

3 months

期刊介绍： The Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports is a multidisciplinary journal published 12 times per year under the auspices of the Scandinavian Foundation of Medicine and Science in Sports. It aims to publish high quality and impactful articles in the fields of orthopaedics, rehabilitation and sports medicine, exercise physiology and biochemistry, biomechanics and motor control, health and disease relating to sport, exercise and physical activity, as well as on the social and behavioural aspects of sport and exercise.