Pregnancy and Behçet Syndrome: A Large Retrospective Italian Study

IF 2.4 3区医学 Q3 IMMUNOLOGY

American Journal of Reproductive Immunology Pub Date : 2025-07-28 DOI:10.1111/aji.70133

Pietro Leccese, Nancy Lascaro, Assunta Iuliano, Michele Gilio, Salvatore D'Angelo, Sergio C. A. Schettini, Angela Anna Padula, Maria Carmela Padula

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Abstract

Introduction

Behçet syndrome (BS) is a multifactorial disorder with several clinical manifestations that occurs during the childbearing age. The relationship between pregnancy and BS has been previously analysed as the pregnancy immunometabolic reprogramming in case of autoinflammatory and/or autoimmune diseases can influence both the course of the disease and the pregnancy outcomes. We aim to analyse the relationship between BS and pregnancy, investigating: (1) the prevalence and clinical characteristics of disease flares during pregnancy and (2) the pregnancy outcomes in a large cohort of Italian patients with BS.

Methods

This retrospective study was conducted recruiting a cohort of BS patients according to the criteria of the International Study Group for Behçet (ISG), following at the Rheumatology Department of Lucania (San Carlo Hospital, Potenza) from January 2000 to December 2021. We reviewed medical records and collected demographic and clinical data besides pregnancy-related data, in particular: maternal age, disease flares during and after pregnancy, post-partum maternal and neonatal complications (up to 6 months after pregnancy).

Results

We studied 153 pregnancies in 96/117 subjects (21/117 patients did not get pregnant). Three patients showed active disease (oral ulcers) at the time of conception. Disease flares were observed during gestation for 25/153 (16.3%) pregnancies, mainly mucocutaneous (oral and genital ulcers, erythema nodosum) and joint (arthralgia and arthritis) manifestations. A total of 27/153 (17.6%) cases of disease flares were observed after pregnancy, with mucocutaneous (oral and genital ulcers, erythema nodosum) and joint (arthralgia and arthritis) involvement, as well as anterior uveitis. Miscarriages, preterm delivery, pre-eclampsia and eclampsia were observed in 27/153 (17.6%), 19/153 (12.4%), 6/153 (3.9%) and 2/153 (1.3%) pregnancies, respectively. No cases of neonatal complications or death were observed.

Conclusions

The results of the present study underlined that: (a) BS disease clinical symptoms do not appear to worsen during pregnancy and (b) the pregnancy does not appear to be associated with increased gestational complications and adverse maternal-fetal outcomes in case of BS. However, due to the potential adverse events, especially of the vascular involvement, a strong multidisciplinary pregnancy follow-up is recommended.

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妊娠和behaperet综合征：一项大型意大利回顾性研究

behet综合征（BS）是一种多因素疾病，具有多种临床表现，发生在育龄期。妊娠与BS之间的关系先前已被分析，因为在自身炎症和/或自身免疫性疾病的情况下，妊娠免疫代谢重编程可以影响疾病的病程和妊娠结局。我们的目的是分析BS与妊娠之间的关系，调查：(1)妊娠期间疾病发作的患病率和临床特征；(2)意大利大队列BS患者的妊娠结局。方法本回顾性研究招募了一组BS患者，根据国际behet研究小组（ISG）的标准，于2000年1月至2021年12月在Lucania （San Carlo Hospital, Potenza）风湿病学系进行。我们审查了医疗记录，并收集了除妊娠相关数据外的人口统计和临床数据，特别是：产妇年龄、妊娠期间和妊娠后的疾病发作、产后产妇和新生儿并发症（妊娠后6个月）。结果153例妊娠，96/117例（21/117例未怀孕）。3例患者在受孕时出现活动性疾病（口腔溃疡）。153例妊娠中有25例（16.3%）在妊娠期间出现疾病发作，主要表现为皮肤粘膜（口腔和生殖器溃疡、结节性红斑）和关节（关节痛和关节炎）。153例中有27例（17.6%）在妊娠后出现疾病发作，伴有皮肤粘膜（口腔和生殖器溃疡、结节性红斑）和关节（关节痛和关节炎）受累，以及前葡萄膜炎。流产、早产、先兆子痫和子痫发生率分别为27/153（17.6%）、19/153（12.4%）、6/153（3.9%）和2/153（1.3%）。未观察到新生儿并发症或死亡病例。本研究的结果强调：(a) BS疾病的临床症状在妊娠期间似乎没有恶化，(b)妊娠似乎与BS的妊娠并发症增加和不良的母胎结局无关。然而，由于潜在的不良事件，特别是血管受累，建议进行强有力的多学科妊娠随访。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

American Journal of Reproductive Immunology 医学-免疫学

CiteScore

6.20

自引率

5.60%

发文量

314

审稿时长

2 months

期刊介绍： The American Journal of Reproductive Immunology is an international journal devoted to the presentation of current information in all areas relating to Reproductive Immunology. The journal is directed toward both the basic scientist and the clinician, covering the whole process of reproduction as affected by immunological processes. The journal covers a variety of subspecialty topics, including fertility immunology, pregnancy immunology, immunogenetics, mucosal immunology, immunocontraception, endometriosis, abortion, tumor immunology of the reproductive tract, autoantibodies, infectious disease of the reproductive tract, and technical news.