Threat of multidrug resistant bacteria: The role of genomic solutions and a call to action

Abstract

The global rise of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria presents a critical threat to public health and the environment, demanding urgent and coordinated international action. The spread of superbugs resistant to multiple antibiotics has severely compromised traditional treatments, resulting in increased mortality, prolonged illness, and escalating healthcare costs. Genomic technologies have emerged as powerful tools to uncover the molecular mechanisms behind antimicrobial resistance (AMR). They enable the identification of resistance genes, detection of novel mutations, and in-depth mapping of bacterial genomes, paving the way for targeted therapies and personalized treatment strategies. However, the implementation of these technologies remains challenging due to high costs, limited infrastructure in low-resource settings, and the need for specialized expertise. This review comprehensively explores the current status of MDR bacteria, examining their health impacts, restricted treatment options, and the global interconnectedness of the AMR crisis. It also emphasizes the importance of the one health approach in addressing MDR from a holistic perspective. Furthermore, cutting-edge genomic innovations, including CRISPR-Cas genome editing, third-generation sequencing and other omics strategies, are discussed as promising avenues for combating MDR pathogens. While these technologies offer transformative potential, global collaboration, regulatory oversight, and equitable access are essential to fully realize their benefits. By harnessing genomic data, researchers and healthcare providers can move towards more precise diagnostics, new antimicrobial agents, and sustainable solutions to antibiotic resistance.