Natural rubber composites incorporating alkali lignin: Property characterization and functional evaluation

Resources Chemicals and Materials Pub Date : 2025-07-17 DOI:10.1016/j.recm.2025.100126

Skulrat Pichaiyut , Bunyarit Panyapinyopol , Parinvadee Chukaew , Yuwanda Thongpanich , Fuangfa Utrarachkij , Sanchai Kuboon , Wasawat Kraithong , Pongtanawat Khemthong , Kriangsak Riewklang , Kamonwat Nakason , Wanwitoo Wanmolee

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Abstract

Conventional natural rubber (NR) fillers pose several environmental concerns. This study presents the sustainable development of NR composites incorporating sugarcane leaf (SCL)-derived alkali lignin and commercial alkali lignin as functional fillers. The primary objective was to evaluate the mechanical properties, aging resistance, thermal stability, and antimicrobial activity of the NR composites. Various NR composites were prepared by different filler types, including KOH-extracted SCL lignin, commercial alkali lignin, and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). The results show that NR composites containing KOH-extracted SCL lignin exhibited superior mechanical properties (crosslink density 126 mol/m³), improved aging resistance (aging coefficient 80.08 %), and enhanced thermal stability (the thermal degradation with 50 % weight loss (T₅₀) and the highest degradation rate occurs (T_d) of 394 and 383 °C, respectively) compared to all other samples. NR composites with commercial lignin demonstrated the highest reduction in Staphylococcus aureus populations (56.25 %). The NR composites with KOH-extracted SCL lignin displayed limited antimicrobial efficacy (37.78 %), suggesting that its primary contribution lies in mechanical and thermal reinforcement rather than microbial inhibition. These findings highlight the potential of eco-friendly lignin from SCL biomass as a sustainable bio-based filler for NR composites.

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含碱木质素的天然橡胶复合材料：性能表征和功能评价

传统的天然橡胶（NR）填料会带来一些环境问题。研究了以甘蔗叶碱木质素和商品碱木质素为功能填料的NR复合材料的可持续发展。主要目的是评估NR复合材料的机械性能、耐老化性、热稳定性和抗菌活性。以koh萃取的SCL木质素、商品碱木质素和丁基羟基甲苯（BHT）为填料制备了不同类型的NR复合材料。结果表明，含koh提取的SCL木质素的NR复合材料具有优异的力学性能（交联密度126 mol/m3），抗老化性能（老化系数80.08%）和热稳定性（热降解失重50% （T50）和最高降解率（Td）分别为394°和383°C）。含商业木质素的NR复合材料对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制作用最大（56.25%）。koh提取的SCL木质素复合材料的抗菌效果有限（37.78%），表明其主要贡献在于机械和热增强而不是微生物抑制。这些发现突出了SCL生物质中环保木质素作为NR复合材料可持续生物基填料的潜力。

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Resources Chemicals and Materials

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4.20

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