Bio-functional nanoemulsion of Plectranthus amboinicus Essential oil: Molecular insights into obesity control

Food chemistry advances Pub Date : 2025-07-26 DOI:10.1016/j.focha.2025.101063

Kannan Nandini , Govindaraju Shruthi , Tovinakere Shivalingaiah Sindhu , Peramasandra Narasimhamurthy Vedashree , Ann Catherine Archer

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Abstract

This study explored the bioactive potential of Plectranthus amboinicus essential oil (PAEO) and its nanoemulsion (PANE). PAEO, extracted via hydro-distillation, contained 71.3 % carvacrol (GC–MS). PANE exhibited a Z-average diameter of 200.3 nm, ζ-potential of -9.54 mV, and FT-IR-confirmed encapsulation. Although PAEO showed larger antimicrobial zones (20–23 mm) against S. aureus and E. coli, PANE demonstrated lower MICs (96 μL/mL vs. >96 μL/mL). PANE was better than PAEO in controlling obesity, with enhanced lipid peroxidation inhibition (IC₅₀: 147.91 vs. 189.47 μL) and DPPH radical scavenging (IC₅₀:115.47–140.21 vs. 203.38 μL). PANE (IC₅₀: 350.00 μL) showed reduced lipase inhibition versus crude form (163.23 μL) due to encapsulation. MTT assays revealed PANE’s enhanced bioavailability (IC₅₀: 1 ± 0.01 μL PANE vs. 2.5 ± 0.01 μL PAEO), supporting adipocyte gene modulation. PAEO induced stronger PRDM16 up-regulation (5.03-fold, p = 0.001), a key adipocyte browning marker, but pungency and instability limits therapeutic utility. In contrast, PANE, a stable nanoemulsion, achieved significant PRDM16 activation (3.91-fold, p = 0.006) without stability concerns, positioning it as a viable phytochemical alternative to Orlistat in obesity management.

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植物精油生物功能纳米乳：控制肥胖的分子研究

本研究探讨了羊草精油（PAEO）及其纳米乳（PANE）的生物活性潜力。经水蒸气蒸馏法提取的PAEO含有71.3%的香芹酚（GC-MS）。PANE的z -平均直径为200.3 nm， ζ-电位为-9.54 mV，经ft - ir证实包封。PAEO对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抑菌区较大（20 ~ 23 mm），而PANE的mic较低（96 μL/mL vs. 96 μL/mL）。PANE在控制肥胖方面优于PAEO，具有增强的脂质过氧化抑制作用（IC₅₀：147.91 vs. 189.47 μL）和DPPH自由基清除作用（IC₅₀：115.47-140.21 vs. 203.38 μL）。PANE （IC₅₀：350.00 μL）由于包封，与粗相（163.23 μL）相比，脂肪酶抑制作用降低。MTT检测显示PANE的生物利用度提高（IC₅0:1±0.01 μL PANE vs. 2.5±0.01 μL PAEO），支持脂肪细胞基因调节。PAEO诱导了更强的PRDM16上调（5.03倍，p = 0.001），这是一个关键的脂肪细胞褐变标志物，但刺激性和不稳定性限制了治疗的有效性。相比之下，稳定的纳米乳PANE在没有稳定性问题的情况下实现了显著的PRDM16激活（3.91倍，p = 0.006），使其成为奥利司他在肥胖管理中可行的植物化学替代品。

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