Yoga as a holistic intervention for primary dysmenorrhea: A pilot study on pain, mental well-being, and quality of life

Abstract

Aim

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a six-month yoga intervention in managing primary dysmenorrhea and its associated symptoms—including menstrual pain, psychological well-being (depression, anxiety, and stress), sleep quality, and overall quality of life—in young women.

Methods

A longitudinal study was conducted with 20 women aged 18–25 years diagnosed with primary dysmenorrhea. Participants were randomly assigned to either an intervention group practising yoga or a control group engaging in moderate walking. The yoga intervention was conducted for six months, with sessions held five days a week. Pain intensity (VAS), psychological outcomes (DASS-21), sleep quality (PSQI), and quality of life (WHOQOL) were assessed at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months. Statistical analyses included repeated measures ANOVA to assess changes over time and between-group differences.

Results

Significant improvements were observed in the intervention group compared to the control group. Pain scores were significantly lower in the yoga group at 3 months (Mean Difference = 2.30, p = 0.020) and 6 months (Mean Difference = 2.80, p < 0.001). Psychological outcomes also improved, with reductions in depression (p < 0.001), anxiety (p < 0.001), and stress (p = 0.002). Sleep quality showed moderate improvements, but between-group differences were not statistically significant. Quality of life improved over time, particularly in the intervention group (p = 0.024).

Conclusion

This study highlights the potential benefits of yoga as a non-pharmacological intervention for primary dysmenorrhea. Regular yoga practice significantly reduces pain, improves mental well-being, and enhances overall quality of life. These findings support the integration of yoga into holistic treatment approaches for menstrual health management.