Human infections with highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) viruses in the United States from March 2024 to May 2025

IF 58.7 1区医学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Nature Medicine Pub Date : 2025-07-25 DOI:10.1038/s41591-025-03905-2

Melissa A. Rolfes, Krista Kniss, Marie K. Kirby, Shikha Garg, Katie Reinhart, C. Todd Davis, Erin L. Murray, Debra A. Wadford, Kathleen Harriman, Sophie Zhu, Caterina Y. Liu, Christina Morales, Denise Lopez, Laura Esbenshade, Kavita K. Trivedi, Farrell A. Tobolowsky, Thi Dang, Anna Unutzer, Steven Krager, Kaylyn Baum, Emily J. Curren, Alexia Harrist, Julie Hand, Theresa Sokol, Andrea Salinas, Amy Bunch, Danielle Haydel, Nicholas Fisher, Sara F. Margrey, Laurie Billing, George Turabelidze, Jessica Goswitz, Leslie Kavlak, Emilio Gonzales, Whitney Tillman, Susan Rollo, Cherissa Abdul Hamid, Deborah Aragon, Mackenzie Owen, Allison Kohnen, Amy Hoehne, Andy Weigel, Andrew Hennenfent, Victoria Sepcic, Tim Southern, Cindy Beard, Ryan Scholz, Sarah Present, Melissa Sutton, Jennifer Morse, Meghan Weinberg, Seth Eckel, Thomas Haupt, Angela Maxted, Karla Potts-Shufelt, Demetre C. Daskalakis, Lizette O. Durand, Feng Liu, Benjamin Rambo-Martin, Kristine A. Lacek, Julia C. Frederick, Jimma Liddell, Natasha Burnett, Lisa M. Keong, Juliana DaSilva, Sydney R. Sheffield, Malania M. Wilson, Han Di, Sabrina S. Schatzman, Yunho Jang, A. Danielle Iuliano, Alexia Couture, Alicia P. Budd, Min Z. Levine, Larisa V. Gubareva, Tom T. Shimabukuro, Timothy M. Uyeki, Vivien G. Dugan, Carrie Reed, Sonja J. Olsen

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Abstract

Between March 2024 and October 2024, 46 human cases of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) had been detected in the United States. The persistent panzootic spread of HPAI A(H5N1) viruses and continued detection of human cases presents an ongoing threat to public health. Between November 2024 and May 2025, an additional 24 cases have been reported for a total of 70 human cases of HPAI A(H5N1): 41 were exposed to dairy cows, 24 to commercial poultry, 2 to backyard poultry, and 3 had an unidentified source of exposure. All sequenced viruses were clade 2.3.4.4b. Overall, 62 cases (89%) reported eye redness, 32 (46%) fever, and 29 (41%) respiratory symptoms; 54 of 67 cases (81%) reported receiving antiviral treatment. Most illnesses were mild; however, four patients were hospitalized. Of the hospitalized patients, three had pneumonia and one died. No human-to-human transmission was detected. Occupational exposure to infected animals was a risk factor for HPAI A(H5N1) virus infection and the risk to the general population remains low; however, the two cases exposed to infected backyard poultry and three cases with unidentified exposures highlight that ongoing vigilance is warranted.

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2024年3月至2025年5月美国人感染高致病性甲型H5N1禽流感病毒的情况

在2024年3月至2024年10月期间，美国发现了46例高致病性禽流感（HPAI） A（H5N1）人间病例。高致病性禽流感A（H5N1）病毒的持续大流行性传播和不断发现人间病例对公共卫生构成持续威胁。在2024年11月至2025年5月期间，在总共70例人感染高致病性禽流感a （H5N1）病例中又报告了24例：41例暴露于奶牛，24例暴露于商品家禽，2例暴露于后院家禽，3例暴露源不明。所有测序的病毒均为进化支2.3.4.4b。总的来说，62例（89%）报告眼睛发红，32例（46%）发烧，29例（41%）出现呼吸道症状；67例中有54例（81%）报告接受了抗病毒治疗。大多数疾病都很轻微；然而，有4名患者住院。在住院患者中，3人患有肺炎，1人死亡。未发现人际传播。职业接触受感染动物是感染高致病性禽流感（H5N1）病毒的一个危险因素，对一般人群的风险仍然很低；然而，接触受感染后院家禽的两例和接触不明的三例突出表明，有必要继续保持警惕。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Nature Medicine 医学-生化与分子生物学

CiteScore

100.90

自引率

0.70%

发文量

525

审稿时长

1 months

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