{"title":"Global, regional and national burden of asthma from 1990 to 2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.","authors":"Liwen Zhang, Hejun Jiang, Guijun Yang, Jing Zhang, Shuhua Yuan, Jiande Chen, Mingyu Tang, Jilei Lin, Jiajun Yuan, Yong Yin","doi":"10.1136/bmjresp-2025-003144","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Asthma represents a significant global health challenge, exhibiting considerable variation in prevalence, incidence, mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) across regions and countries. This study evaluates global, regional and national trends in asthma burden from 1990 to 2021, analysing associations with temporal, geographical and demographical factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using open data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database (1990-2021), we analysed changes in asthma prevalence, incidence, mortality and DALYs by gender, age and Socio-Demographic Index (SDI) groups. Joinpoint regression analysis calculated the average annual percentage change (AAPC) and annual percentage change (APC).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From 1990 to 2021, the age-standardised prevalence and incidence rates of asthma declined by 40.01% and 29.89%, respectively. While asthma deaths increased slightly, the age-standardised mortality rate (ASMR) declined by 46.01%. The highest prevalence was observed in South Asia, East Asia and high-income North America, while low-SDI regions exhibited elevated mortality and DALYs. The age and sex-specific patterns indicated a higher asthma burden among females. The results of the joinpoint analysis indicated a global age-standardised incidence rate increase between 2005 and 2010 for both males and females. The ASMR exhibited a statistically significant decline from 1990 to 2021.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The global age-standardised rate of asthma burden declined from 1990 to 2021. However, asthma remains a significant public health issue, particularly in regions with lower socioeconomic development. Understanding global and regional trends in asthma can inform future policies and interventions, aiming to promote more equitable prevention, diagnosis and treatment worldwide.</p>","PeriodicalId":9048,"journal":{"name":"BMJ Open Respiratory Research","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4000,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12306235/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"BMJ Open Respiratory Research","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjresp-2025-003144","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"RESPIRATORY SYSTEM","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Background: Asthma represents a significant global health challenge, exhibiting considerable variation in prevalence, incidence, mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) across regions and countries. This study evaluates global, regional and national trends in asthma burden from 1990 to 2021, analysing associations with temporal, geographical and demographical factors.
Methods: Using open data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database (1990-2021), we analysed changes in asthma prevalence, incidence, mortality and DALYs by gender, age and Socio-Demographic Index (SDI) groups. Joinpoint regression analysis calculated the average annual percentage change (AAPC) and annual percentage change (APC).
Results: From 1990 to 2021, the age-standardised prevalence and incidence rates of asthma declined by 40.01% and 29.89%, respectively. While asthma deaths increased slightly, the age-standardised mortality rate (ASMR) declined by 46.01%. The highest prevalence was observed in South Asia, East Asia and high-income North America, while low-SDI regions exhibited elevated mortality and DALYs. The age and sex-specific patterns indicated a higher asthma burden among females. The results of the joinpoint analysis indicated a global age-standardised incidence rate increase between 2005 and 2010 for both males and females. The ASMR exhibited a statistically significant decline from 1990 to 2021.
Conclusions: The global age-standardised rate of asthma burden declined from 1990 to 2021. However, asthma remains a significant public health issue, particularly in regions with lower socioeconomic development. Understanding global and regional trends in asthma can inform future policies and interventions, aiming to promote more equitable prevention, diagnosis and treatment worldwide.
期刊介绍：
BMJ Open Respiratory Research is a peer-reviewed, open access journal publishing respiratory and critical care medicine. It is the sister journal to Thorax and co-owned by the British Thoracic Society and BMJ. The journal focuses on robustness of methodology and scientific rigour with less emphasis on novelty or perceived impact. BMJ Open Respiratory Research operates a rapid review process, with continuous publication online, ensuring timely, up-to-date research is available worldwide. The journal publishes review articles and all research study types: Basic science including laboratory based experiments and animal models, Pilot studies or proof of concept, Observational studies, Study protocols, Registries, Clinical trials from phase I to multicentre randomised clinical trials, Systematic reviews and meta-analyses.
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号
