Developing and pilot testing a collaborative, locally contextualized supported employment program for persons with mental illness in Chennai, Tamil Nadu

Abstract

Background

Employment is a key factor aiding in the recovery and social reintegration of persons with mental illness (PwMI). However, the PwMI demographic in India faces high rates of unemployment, highlighting a need for the development of structured, culturally sensitive, and regionally adapted supported employment programs.

Aim

This study aimed to develop and pilot test a supported employment program designed to enhance job opportunities for PwMI in Chennai, India.

Methods

A desk review was conducted to examine existing employment support models for PwMI in India. Qualitative interviews were held with key stakeholders, including PwMI, caregivers, mental health professionals, and employers, to identify employment barriers and facilitators. An expert panel used these insights to co-design and develop a locally relevant supported employment program. The program was pilot-tested in Chennai from May 2023 to May 2024. Job placement and dropout rates were used to assess feasibility and effectiveness.

Results

Of the 213 participants, 63 secured competitive employment, 37 were enrolled in skill training programs, and 40 remained in active job placement efforts. However, 54 individuals were deemed not readily employable due to functional limitations, and 16 dropped out. A total of 12 employers and 20 training organizations partnered with the program, contributing to its 62.8 % job placement rate.

Conclusion

The study demonstrates the operational potential of a regionally adapted supported employment program for PwMI in India. Future research should examine long-term job retention, workplace integration, and employment sustainability.