Molecular engines driving biogenesis, trafficking and release of exosomes: SNARE proteins

Abstract

Exosomes are extracellular vesicles released from cells, playing a crucial role in intercellular communication and contributing to fundamental processes underlying physiological and disease conditions. The growing recognition of the importance of exosomes in molecular signalling has spurred much interest in their biogenesis, transport and release, with SNARE proteins emerging as key players. Herein, we review advances in research of the role and mechanisms of SNAREs in the life journey of exosomes. We consider recent insights into the molecular machinery of exosome production and mobility, with reference to the role of various SNARE proteins. We discuss the mechanisms of SNARE interactions and their translational potential across multiple disease conditions. Elucidating the role of SNAREs in exosome biology presents a significant milestone in unravelling the molecular processes of intercellular communication and identifying new targets for translational research and therapeutic intervention.