Modulation-assisted time-delay interferometric ranging for LISA

IF 3.7 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
Jean-Baptiste Bayle, Martin Staab, Samuel P Francis, Emily Rose Rees, Robert Spero and Gerhard Heinzel
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Abstract

Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) represents the next frontier in gravitational-wave (GW) astronomy, targeting the detection of millihertz gravitational signals. Central to LISA’s operation is the nanosecond-precision estimation of the light travel times (LTTs) between its constituent spacecraft. Precise LTT estimates are critical for suppressing dominant laser noise with time-delay interferometry (TDI) and ensuring the required sensitivity to GW signals. The baseline method is to modulate a pseudorandom noise (PRN) code on the laser beams exchanged between the spacecraft. Time-delay interferometric ranging (TDIR) was proposed as a simpler alternative LTT estimation method. TDIR LTT estimates are chosen to minimize the TDI residual noise over the full LISA frequency band. TDIR can be used in case of PRN failure, or to calibrate the biases of the PRN method. In this study, we introduce modulation-assisted TDIR (MATDIR), an enhanced variant of TDIR that significantly improves LTT estimation precision and resilience. MATDIR achieves this by modulating the laser phase at specific frequencies, close to 1 Hz, thereby artificially elevating the laser phase content relative to secondary, unsuppressed noises. This modulation strategy not only enhances the signal-to-noise ratio for TDIR but also mitigates the impact of GW signals and instrumental artifacts, enabling more reliable LTT estimates with reduced integration times. We develop the theoretical framework of MATDIR, incorporating the full constellation of three spacecraft, laser locking, and multiple Michelson TDI combinations. Analytical predictions, confirmed by numerical simulations, indicate that MATDIR can achieve LTT estimates comparable to the 1 m-rms at of the PRN-based baseline method. We therefore suggest that the possibility to modulate lasers is added to the laser system requirements of LISA.
LISA的调制辅助延时干涉测距
激光干涉仪空间天线(LISA)代表了引力波(GW)天文学的下一个前沿,目标是探测毫赫重力信号。LISA操作的核心是对其组成航天器之间的光传播时间(LTTs)的纳秒精度估计。精确的LTT估计对于用延时干涉法(TDI)抑制主导激光噪声和确保对GW信号所需的灵敏度至关重要。基线方法是在航天器间交换的激光束上调制一个伪随机噪声码。时延干涉测距(TDIR)是一种较简单的LTT估计方法。选择TDIR LTT估计以最小化整个LISA频带上的TDI残余噪声。TDIR可用于PRN失效的情况下,或校准PRN方法的偏差。在本研究中,我们引入了调制辅助TDIR (MATDIR),这是TDIR的一种增强变体,可显着提高LTT估计精度和弹性。MATDIR通过在接近1hz的特定频率调制激光相位来实现这一点,从而人为地提高相对于次要的、未抑制的噪声的激光相位含量。这种调制策略不仅提高了TDIR的信噪比,还减轻了GW信号和仪器伪像的影响,通过减少集成时间,实现了更可靠的LTT估计。我们开发了MATDIR的理论框架,包括三个航天器的完整星座,激光锁定和多个迈克尔逊TDI组合。经数值模拟证实的分析预测表明,MATDIR可以获得与基于prn的基线方法的1 m-rms相当的LTT估计。因此,我们建议将调制激光器的可能性添加到LISA的激光系统要求中。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Classical and Quantum Gravity
Classical and Quantum Gravity 物理-天文与天体物理
CiteScore
7.00
自引率
8.60%
发文量
301
审稿时长
2-4 weeks
期刊介绍: Classical and Quantum Gravity is an established journal for physicists, mathematicians and cosmologists in the fields of gravitation and the theory of spacetime. The journal is now the acknowledged world leader in classical relativity and all areas of quantum gravity.
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