[THE EFFECTS OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ON FIBROMYALGIA].

Abstract

Introduction: Fibromyalgia syndrome is defined as chronic widespread pain associated with sleep disorders, chronic fatigue, cognitive dysfunction, and other somatic and psychological symptoms. Psychological symptoms can include mood disorders, anxiety and depression. Physical activity can be considered a safe non-pharmacological tool to alleviate fibromyalgia's physical and psychological symptoms. Physical activity that includes aerobic exercises such as swimming, walking, and dancing, combined with strength training, flexibility training and other mind-body exercises, have been proven to alleviate pain, and improve quality of sleep, cognitive functions, mood and health-related quality of life. As a general guideline, all physical activity protocols for fibromyalgia patients should be gradual and incremental, starting with low intensity and duration, and increased gradually to avoid injuries, fatigue and drop-outs. Additionally, physical activity should be personalized according to each patient's fitness level, pain levels, physical limitations, personal preferences, goals and socio-economical barriers. It is recommended that a physical activity protocol should lapse 8-12 weeks, in order to see improvement and to instill healthy lifestyle habits. It is recommended to exercise 2-3 times per week, for 40-50 minutes in each session. A physical activity protocol should combine aerobic exercises, strength training, flexibility and mind-body exercises, such as Yoga, Pilates and Tai-chi, that involve balance, flexibility and breathing techniques.