Deciphering Depigmentation: Mouse Models for Vitiligo Research

Abstract

Vitiligo is an autoimmune skin disease characterized by melanocyte loss and skin depigmentation. Although significant advances have been made in understanding the pathogenesis of vitiligo, the development of novel treatments has depended and will likely continue to depend on preclinical animal model research. This review provides a comprehensive overview of established mouse models for vitiligo, categorizing them on the basis of their mechanisms of melanocyte loss, immune involvement, and relevance to human disease. Finally, we explore emerging areas in vitiligo research, emphasizing the need for refined models that better replicate human disease heterogeneity and therapeutic responses. By critically evaluating available mouse models, this review aims to guide researchers in selecting appropriate models to advance vitiligo research and treatment development.