A Comparative Study of the Profile of Cognitive Impairment and Associated Factors among Subsets of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Patients in a Special Human Immunodeficiency Virus Clinic in South-East Nigeria.

IF 0.6 Q3 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

Annals of African Medicine Pub Date : 2025-07-23 DOI:10.4103/aam.aam_36_25

Olisaeloka Ginikachi Ebeogu, Paul Osemeke Nwani, Harriet Chinwe Nwadimkpa, Obiora Daniel Anaje, Nnamdi Joseph Morah, Ifeoma Adaigwe Amaechi, Stephen Okorafor Kalu, Linda Ifunanya Eze, Azuoma Lasbrey Asomugha, Maduaburochukwu Cosmas Nwosu, Ogunniyi Adesola

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Abstract

Context: The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a neurotropic virus with several neurological manifestations including cognitive impairment.

Aims: This study aimed to determine and compare the frequency of cognitive impairment and associated factors among subsets of HIV-positive patients and matched controls using neuropsychological test battery.

Settings and design: This was a comparative cross-sectional descriptive study conducted in a Southeastern Nigerian Special HIV clinic.

Subjects and methods: Two subsets of HIV patients; the combination antiretroviral therapy (CART) experienced patients and the CART naïve patients and matched HIV negative subjects were surveyed using the World Health Organization/University of California, Los Angeles neuropsychological test battery.

Statistical analysis: Statistical Package for the Social Science version 20.0 was used.

Results: The overall frequency of neurocognitive impairment was 76.1% (mild 44.6% and moderate-to-severe cognitive 31.5%). Although there was no statistically significant difference in the percentages of CART naïve patients (76.3%; n = 29/38) and CART-exposed (75.9%, n = 41/54) that had cognitive impairment, severe cognitive impairment was more among the CART naïve patients (44.4%; n = 24/54) and mild cognitive impairment more among CART-exposed (63.1%; n = 24/38). CART-exposed patients had better scores in most of the subtests of the battery compared to CART-naïve patients but the observed difference was not statistically significant. The observed relationship between cognitive impairment and age, sex, or level of education was also not statistically significant.

Conclusion: HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment is still common in HIV patients and treatment with ART may reduce its severity.

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尼日利亚东南部一家特殊人类免疫缺陷病毒诊所中人类免疫缺陷病毒亚群患者认知功能障碍及其相关因素的比较研究

背景：人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）是一种嗜神经病毒，具有包括认知障碍在内的几种神经系统表现。目的：本研究旨在利用神经心理测试系统确定和比较hiv阳性患者亚群和匹配对照组的认知障碍频率和相关因素。环境和设计：这是一项在尼日利亚东南部的一家特殊HIV诊所进行的比较横断面描述性研究。研究对象和方法：HIV患者两个亚群；采用世界卫生组织/加州大学洛杉矶分校神经心理测试组对接受过抗逆转录病毒联合治疗（CART）的患者和CART naïve患者以及匹配的HIV阴性受试者进行调查。统计分析：使用Statistical Package for Social Science version 20.0。结果：神经认知功能障碍发生率为76.1%（轻度44.6%，中重度31.5%）。虽然CART naïve患者的百分比(76.3%；n = 29/38)和CART暴露（75.9%,n = 41/54）患者有认知功能障碍，CART naïve患者中重度认知功能障碍较多(44.4%；n = 24/54)和轻度认知障碍较多(63.1%；N = 24/38)。与CART-naïve患者相比，接受cart治疗的患者在电池的大多数亚测试中得分更高，但观察到的差异没有统计学意义。观察到的认知障碍与年龄、性别或教育水平之间的关系也没有统计学意义。结论：HIV相关的神经认知障碍在HIV患者中仍然很常见，ART治疗可以减轻其严重程度。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Annals of African Medicine MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL-

CiteScore

0.90

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0.00%

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期刊介绍： The Annals of African Medicine is published by the Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria and the Annals of African Medicine Society. The Journal is intended to serve as a medium for the publication of research findings in the broad field of Medicine in Africa and other developing countries, and elsewhere which have relevance to Africa. It will serve as a source of information on the state of the art of Medicine in Africa, for continuing education for doctors in Africa and other developing countries, and also for the publication of meetings and conferences. The journal will publish articles I any field of Medicine and other fields which have relevance or implications for Medicine.