Withaferin A and Withanolide A-mediated silver nanoparticles target bacterial motility, metabolism, and stress adaptation in E. coli

IF 4.6 2区医学 Q2 MEDICINE, RESEARCH & EXPERIMENTAL

Nanomedicine : nanotechnology, biology, and medicine Pub Date : 2025-07-23 DOI:10.1016/j.nano.2025.102846

Moumita Sil , Anamitra Goswami , Dipro Mukherjee , Nabanita Mukherjee , Igor Polikarpov , Arunava Goswami , Moupriya Nag , Dibyajit Lahiri

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Abstract

Biogenic silver nanoparticles (Bio-AgNPs) were synthesized using Withania somnifera root extract and evaluated for their antimicrobial and biosafety profiles. LC-MS confirmed key withanolides, including Withaferin A. The nanoparticles exhibited a UV–Vis peak at 446 nm, a crystalline core size of ∼15.65 nm, a hydrodynamic diameter of ∼134.85 nm, and a zeta potential of −25.29 mV. Bio-AgNPs showed potent antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli K12, with MICs between 156.25 and 312.5 ppm and superior efficacy to AgNO₃. RNA-seq analysis revealed downregulation of flagellar genes (flgD, flgG, fliC), maltose transporters (malK, malF, lamB), and citrate metabolism (citT, citD), indicating impaired motility and nutrient uptake. Upregulation of metal efflux (cusF, cusB) and electron transport (fixA, fixB) genes reflected oxidative stress response. Cytotoxicity assays on WI-38 and HEK-293 cells showed >80 % viability up to 156.25 ppm. These findings support Bio-AgNPs as biocompatible, plant-derived antimicrobials effective against Gram-negative bacteria.

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Withaferin A和Withanolide A介导的银纳米颗粒靶向大肠杆菌的细菌运动、代谢和应激适应

以藜草根提取物为原料合成了生物源银纳米粒子（Bio-AgNPs），并对其抗菌性能和生物安全性进行了评价。LC-MS确认了包括Withaferin a在内的关键的Withaferin a。纳米颗粒在446 nm处具有紫外可见峰，晶核尺寸为~ 15.65 nm，流体动力学直径为~ 134.85 nm， zeta电位为- 25.29 mV。Bio-AgNPs对大肠杆菌K12具有较强的抗菌活性，mic在156.25 ~ 312.5 ppm之间，对AgNO₃有较好的抗菌效果。RNA-seq分析显示鞭毛基因（flgD, flgG, fliC），麦芽糖转运蛋白（malK, malF, lamB）和柠檬酸盐代谢（citT, citD）下调，表明运动和营养摄取受损。金属外排（cusF, cusB）和电子传递（fixA, fixB）基因的上调反映了氧化应激反应。WI-38和HEK-293细胞的细胞毒性试验显示，在156.25 ppm浓度下，细胞存活率为80%。这些发现支持生物agnps作为生物相容性的植物源抗菌剂对革兰氏阴性菌有效。

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来源期刊

Nanomedicine : nanotechnology, biology, and medicine 工程技术-纳米科技

CiteScore

11.10

自引率

0.00%

发文量

133

审稿时长

42 days

期刊介绍： The mission of Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology, and Medicine (Nanomedicine: NBM) is to promote the emerging interdisciplinary field of nanomedicine. Nanomedicine: NBM is an international, peer-reviewed journal presenting novel, significant, and interdisciplinary theoretical and experimental results related to nanoscience and nanotechnology in the life and health sciences. Content includes basic, translational, and clinical research addressing diagnosis, treatment, monitoring, prediction, and prevention of diseases.