Organic ultraviolet filters in the blubber of two free-ranging deep-diving cetacean species

IF 7.3 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental Pollution Pub Date : 2025-07-24 DOI:10.1016/j.envpol.2025.126830

Eva Íñiguez , Sarah Montesdeoca-Esponda , Filipe Alves , Zoraida Sosa-Ferrera , Manfred Kaufmann , Nereida Cordeiro , Ana Dinis

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Abstract

The increasing use of personal care products has led to the widespread of organic UV filters (oUVFs) in marine ecosystems, yet their occurrence and potential impacts on pelagic and deep-sea environments remain unclear. This study assessed oUVFs contamination in the blubber of two deep-diving cetacean species —the short-finned pilot whale (Globicephala macrorhynchus) and the sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus)—off Madeira Island, Eastern North Atlantic. Using microwave-assisted extraction and UHPLC-MS/MS, four of eleven targeted oUVFs were detected in blubber: homosalate, 2-ethylhexyl salicylate, octocrylene, and methylene bis-benzotriazole (UV-360). Concentrations reached up to 352.3 ng/g wet weight (w.w.) in pilot whales and 1505 ng/g w.w. in sperm whales. Detection frequencies were higher in pilot whales (60–100 %) than in sperm whales (30–50 %). This study provides the first evidence of UV-360 concentration in cetaceans. These findings suggest that pilot whales’ higher site fidelity in Madeiran waters may increase exposure to oUVF, while sperm whales may accumulate oUVFs through benthopelagic feeding at higher trophic levels. These results highlight the potential for oUVF to disperse into deep marine ecosystems and underscore the importance of monitoring emerging contaminants in oceanic apex predators.

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有机紫外线过滤器在两种自由放养的深海鲸类动物的脂肪

个人护理产品的使用日益增加，导致有机紫外线过滤器（oUVFs）在海洋生态系统中广泛存在，但其发生情况及其对远洋和深海环境的潜在影响尚不清楚。本研究评估了北大西洋东部马德拉岛附近的两种深潜鲸类动物——短鳍领航鲸（Globicephala macrocephalus）和抹香鲸（Physeter macrocephalus）——鲸脂中的oUVFs污染。采用微波辅助萃取和高效液相色谱-质谱联用（UHPLC-MS/MS）技术，在鲸脂中检测到11种靶向oUVFs中的4种：homosalate、2-乙基己基水杨酸酯、octocrylene和亚甲基双苯并三唑（uv360）。领航鲸的浓度高达352.3 ng/g湿重（ww），抹香鲸的浓度高达1505 ng/g ww。领航鲸的检测频率（60 - 100%）高于抹香鲸（30 - 50%）。这项研究首次提供了鲸类动物体内UV-360浓度的证据。这些发现表明，领航鲸在马德兰水域较高的地点保真度可能会增加oUVF的暴露，而抹香鲸可能通过更高营养水平的底栖捕食积累oUVF。这些结果突出了oUVF扩散到深海生态系统的潜力，并强调了监测海洋顶端捕食者中新出现的污染物的重要性。

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来源期刊

Environmental Pollution 环境科学-环境科学

CiteScore

16.00

自引率

6.70%

发文量

2082

审稿时长

2.9 months

期刊介绍： Environmental Pollution is an international peer-reviewed journal that publishes high-quality research papers and review articles covering all aspects of environmental pollution and its impacts on ecosystems and human health. Subject areas include, but are not limited to: • Sources and occurrences of pollutants that are clearly defined and measured in environmental compartments, food and food-related items, and human bodies; • Interlinks between contaminant exposure and biological, ecological, and human health effects, including those of climate change; • Contaminants of emerging concerns (including but not limited to antibiotic resistant microorganisms or genes, microplastics/nanoplastics, electronic wastes, light, and noise) and/or their biological, ecological, or human health effects; • Laboratory and field studies on the remediation/mitigation of environmental pollution via new techniques and with clear links to biological, ecological, or human health effects; • Modeling of pollution processes, patterns, or trends that is of clear environmental and/or human health interest; • New techniques that measure and examine environmental occurrences, transport, behavior, and effects of pollutants within the environment or the laboratory, provided that they can be clearly used to address problems within regional or global environmental compartments.