Effects of preozonation on the formation of volatile disinfection byproducts from four different algal cells and organic matter in chlorination

IF 7.6 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental Pollution Pub Date : 2025-07-24 DOI:10.1016/j.envpol.2025.126893

Wenjie Cui, Hongyan Zhai, Shuishan Xia

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Abstract

Algal cells and algal organic matter (AOM) derived from blooms in water sources act as significant precursors for disinfection byproducts (DBPs) during drinking water disinfection. While preozonation is commonly applied prior to chlorination to enhance microbial inactivation, its specific impact on volatile DBP formation from different algal precursors requires further definition. This study investigated the effect of preozonation (0‒2 mg/L ozone) on the formation and speciation of volatile DBPs generated from four seasonal predominant algal species (M. aeruginosa, C. vulgaris, S. obliquus, and Cyclotella sp.) and their corresponding AOM during subsequent chlorination. The total DBP yields from chlorinated algal cells and AOM ranged from 28.71–70.96 μg/L and 50.99–86.52 μg/L, respectively, with Cyclotella sp. exhibiting the highest yields in both fractions. The impact of preozonation on DBP formation was highly dependent on algal species and ozone doses. Increasing ozone from 0 to 2 mg/L resulted in a 45.0% increase in DBPs from M. aeruginosa cells and a 36.1% increase from its AOM. DBPs from C. vulgaris AOM increased by 27.6%, while S. obliquus cells produced 17.2% more DBPs; conversely, DBPs from S. obliquus AOM decreased by 35.1%. Yields from C. vulgaris cells and Cyclotella sp. (both cells and AOM) showed minimal change. Haloacetonitrile yields generally increased after 2.0 mg/L ozonation across most samples, except for Cyclotella sp. cells. Trichloronitromethane yield exhibited a multi-fold increase under preozonation. The bromine substitution factors for trihalomethanes were consistently lower in algal cells (14.5%–30.0%) than in their AOM (28.6%–39.1%). These results demonstrate that the effects of preozonation on DBP formation are highly specific to both the algal species and the precursor matrix (cells vs. AOM), indicating that outcomes observed for one species cannot be generalized to others.

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预臭氧化对氯化过程中四种不同藻类细胞和有机物挥发性消毒副产物形成的影响

在饮用水消毒过程中，源自水源水华的藻细胞和藻有机物（AOM）是消毒副产物（DBPs）的重要前体。虽然预臭氧化通常在氯化之前进行，以增强微生物的失活，但它对不同藻类前体形成挥发性DBP的具体影响需要进一步定义。本研究研究了臭氧预氧化（0-2 mg/L臭氧）对四种季节性优势藻类（M. aeruginosa， C. vulgaris， S. obliquus和Cyclotella sp.）在随后的氯化过程中产生的挥发性DBPs及其相应AOM的影响。氯化藻细胞和AOM的总DBP产率分别为28.71 ~ 70.96 μg/L和50.99 ~ 86.52 μg/L，其中Cyclotella sp.的产率最高。预臭氧化对DBP形成的影响高度依赖于藻类种类和臭氧剂量。臭氧从0 mg/L增加到2 mg/L，导致铜绿假单胞菌细胞的dbp增加45.0%，AOM增加36.1%。普通草AOM细胞的dbp比斜枝草细胞高27.6%，斜枝草细胞的dbp比普通草细胞高17.2%；相反地，斜叶参AOM的dbp降低了35.1%。C. vulgaris细胞和Cyclotella sp.（细胞和AOM）的产量变化最小。除Cyclotella sp.细胞外，大多数样品在2.0 mg/L臭氧化后卤化乙腈产量普遍增加。预臭氧化处理使三氯硝基甲烷的产率增加了数倍。藻类细胞中三卤甲烷的溴取代因子（14.5% ~ 30.0%）始终低于其AOM（28.6% ~ 39.1%）。这些结果表明，预臭氧化对DBP形成的影响对藻类物种和前体基质（细胞与AOM）都具有高度特异性，表明对一种物种观察到的结果不能推广到其他物种。

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来源期刊

Environmental Pollution 环境科学-环境科学

CiteScore

16.00

自引率

6.70%

发文量

2082

审稿时长

2.9 months

期刊介绍： Environmental Pollution is an international peer-reviewed journal that publishes high-quality research papers and review articles covering all aspects of environmental pollution and its impacts on ecosystems and human health. Subject areas include, but are not limited to: • Sources and occurrences of pollutants that are clearly defined and measured in environmental compartments, food and food-related items, and human bodies; • Interlinks between contaminant exposure and biological, ecological, and human health effects, including those of climate change; • Contaminants of emerging concerns (including but not limited to antibiotic resistant microorganisms or genes, microplastics/nanoplastics, electronic wastes, light, and noise) and/or their biological, ecological, or human health effects; • Laboratory and field studies on the remediation/mitigation of environmental pollution via new techniques and with clear links to biological, ecological, or human health effects; • Modeling of pollution processes, patterns, or trends that is of clear environmental and/or human health interest; • New techniques that measure and examine environmental occurrences, transport, behavior, and effects of pollutants within the environment or the laboratory, provided that they can be clearly used to address problems within regional or global environmental compartments.