Conversion of Nb2O5 to NbS2 for the Preparation of Niobium Nanopowder through Solid Cathode Electrolysis in Molten Chlorides

IF 6.3 2区材料科学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Journal of Alloys and Compounds Pub Date : 2025-07-24 DOI:10.1016/j.jallcom.2025.182516

Changsheng Wu, Zhiyong Wang, Xianbo Jin

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Abstract

Niobium (Nb) is primarily used as the active material in Nb electrolytic capacitors in the form of metallic fine powder. Unlike traditional methods of preparing niobium powder through chemical or electrochemical reduction of metal compounds in molten salts, we report here the efficient preparation of Nb nanopowder via electrolysis of NbS₂ in the NaCl-KCl melt at 973 K. The NbS₂ is simply synthesized by carbo-sulfidation of Nb₂O₅. The following electro-desulfidation in the molten electrolyte converts solid NbS₂ into Nb nanopowder at the cathode, with S^2- ions moving to the anode and being oxidized to gaseous sulfur. The reduction path was verified to be NbS₂ → L_xNbS₂ → NbS_2-w→ Nb. Through constant cell electrolysis at 2.9 V, NbS₂ is rapidly reduced to nodular Nb nanopowder (50-100 nm), with a Current efficiency and energy consumption of approximately 94% and 3.58 kW·h kg⁻¹ Nb, respectively.

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在熔融氯化物中固体阴极电解Nb2O5转化为NbS2制备纳米铌粉

铌（Nb）主要以金属细粉的形式作为铌电解电容器的活性材料。与传统的通过熔融盐中金属化合物的化学或电化学还原制备铌粉的方法不同，我们在973 K的NaCl-KCl熔体中电解NbS2，有效地制备了铌纳米粉。以Nb2O5为原料，采用碳-硫化法合成了NbS2。熔融电解质中的电脱硫将固体NbS2在阴极转化为Nb纳米粉末，S2离子移动到阳极并被氧化为气态硫。还原路径为NbS2→LxNbS2→NbS2-w→Nb。通过2.9 V恒定电解，NbS2可快速还原为球状Nb纳米粉体（50-100 nm），电流效率约为94%，能耗约为3.58 kW·h kg⁻¹Nb。

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来源期刊

Journal of Alloys and Compounds 工程技术-材料科学：综合

CiteScore

11.10

自引率

14.50%

发文量

5146

审稿时长

67 days

期刊介绍： The Journal of Alloys and Compounds is intended to serve as an international medium for the publication of work on solid materials comprising compounds as well as alloys. Its great strength lies in the diversity of discipline which it encompasses, drawing together results from materials science, solid-state chemistry and physics.