Thoracoscopic pneumonectomy for massive haemoptysis secondary to chronic pulmonary vein stenosis post-atrial fibrillation ablation.

Abstract

Pulmonary vein (PV) stenosis is a rare but serious complication after transcatheter ablation for atrial fibrillation, potentially leading to massive haemoptysis. We present a case of severe PV stenosis resulting in haemoptysis. A 57-year-old man presented with haemoptysis 18 months after catheter ablation. His left PV was almost completely occluded and required the left pneumonectomy. Pathological examination revealed irreversible fibrosis of the pulmonary vein intima, which led to pulmonary congestion. Surgical intervention resolved the haemoptysis. Anatomical pulmonary resection is required for massive haemoptysis caused by pulmonary vein stenosis that occurs long after transcatheter ablation.