[Association between triglyceride-glucose index and the risk of diabetes among participants with normal fasting serum glucose].

Abstract

Objective: To investigate the association between the triglyceride-glucose(TyG) index and the risk of diabetes among Chinese adults with normal fasting serum glucose levels.

Methods: A total of 2161 participants were selected from China Nutrition and Health Surveillance(2010-2012) and China Nutrition and Health Follow-up Study(2021), who were not diabetes patients and fasting serum glucose<6.1 mmol/L at baseline. Information on socioeconomic status, lifestyle habits, physical examination, and laboratory examination was collected. TyG index was calculated by fasting serum triglyceride and glucose. Participants were categorized into quartiles based on their baseline TyG index(2010-2012). Multiple adjusted logistic regression analysis was used to explore the association between TyG index and the risk of new-onset type 2 diabetes. Subgroup analysis was conducted among participants stratified by sex, age group, and body mass index(BMI).

Results: In 2161 participants, there were significant differences in age, BMI, household income, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting serum total cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol across quartiles of the TyG index. After adjusting for potential confounders such as age, sex, BMI, living area, education level, marital status, household income, current smoking, excessive drinking, leisure physical activity level, family history of diabetes, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, fasting serum total cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, compared with the lowest quartile(Q1), the highest(Q4) showed a 2.82-fold increase in type 2 diabetes risk(95%CI=1.65-4.84, P_(trend)=0.007). Considering TyG index as continuous variable, the risk for diabetes will be 2.22-fold higher with the per unit increase of TyG index(95%CI=1.61-3.06, P<0.001). Subgroup analysis showed that the association remained robust among participants over 45 years old, in males and females alike, and in people with different BMI. And the result showed to be more pronounced among those were over 60 years old, female, and BMI<24. No significant interactions between subgroups and TyG index were observed.

Conclusion: Among Chinese adults with normal fasting serum glucose, the TyG index was positively associated with the risk of new onset type 2 diabetes.