SOMATIC DYSFUNCTIONS IN THE MODELING OF OCCLUSAL AND EXTRAOCCLUSAL DISORDERS.

Abstract

Introduction: Due to the growing development of interdisciplinary collaboration between dentists and osteopaths, the study of somatic dysfunctions, as the primary target of osteopathic treatment, is becoming increasingly relevant. An increasing number of studies highlight the differing impacts of occlusal and extraocclusal disorders on the function of the temporomandibular joint and mandibular biomechanics. However, there is a lack of research analyzing the correlation between somatic dysfunctions and these disorders. Such analysis is essential for planning and evaluating the effectiveness of combined dental and osteopathic treatment. Therefore, this issue undoubtedly requires further investigation and analysis. This article continues previously initiated research, focusing on the impact of these disorders on the patterns of somatic dysfunction, as well as their potential clinical significance. The objective of the present study was to investigate the structure and severity of somatic dysfunctions associated with simulated occlusal and extraocclusal disturbances.

Materials and methods: The study was conducted in three stages between November 2023 and January 2024. It included 20 healthy volunteers (10 men and 10 women) aged 20 to 40 years with no active somatic complaints. All participants underwent dental and osteopathic examinations, followed by simulation of occlusal and extraocclusal disorders. Occlusal disorders were simulated by placing temporary overlays on the 1st and 6th molars to increase vertical jaw separation. Extraocclusal disorders were modeled by placing a pad under the left ischial tuberosity to create pelvic asymmetry and induce an ascending extraocclusal disturbance.

Results: The presence of occlusal and extraocclusal disorders significantly influenced the severity and manifestation of somatic dysfunctions: in volunteers, the somatic dysfunction scores increased significantly (p < 0.001). A clear association was also observed between the simulation of occlusal disorders and the development of global postural imbalances.

Conclusion: The results indicate that both occlusal and extraocclusal disorders have a substantial impact on somatic dysfunctions, aggravating existing conditions and contributing to the development of new dysfunctions.