Understanding osteoporosis: knowledge and practices of postmenopausal women in Saudi Arabia

Abstract

Summary

This study examined osteoporosis knowledge and preventive practices among 375 postmenopausal women in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, using a validated survey. Younger age and more children were linked to higher knowledge, but no demographic factors influenced practices. Results highlight a gap between awareness and action, emphasizing the need for targeted public health interventions.

Background

Osteoporosis is a progressive bone disease, common among postmenopausal women, and a major cause of fractures and disability. Despite its high prevalence in Saudi Arabia, early detection and prevention efforts remain inadequate.

Purpose

This study assessed osteoporosis-related knowledge and preventive practices among self-identified as postmenopausal woman in Jeddah and identified demographic predictors influencing these outcomes.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey was conducted between February and April 2023 using an online, self-administered questionnaire distributed via WhatsApp and X (formerly Twitter). The instrument included the validated Osteoporosis Knowledge Assessment Tool (OKAT) and a custom preventive practices scale. A convenience sample of 375 women aged 45 years and older participated. Generalized linear models were used to explore associations between demographic variables and knowledge and practice scores.

Results

The mean knowledge score was 22.23, and the mean preventive practices score was 14.88. Women aged 45–55 years had significantly higher knowledge scores than those aged 66–75 years (β = 0.29; 95% CI: 0.045–0.54; p = 0.02). Additionally, a greater number of children positively predicted knowledge levels (β = 0.04; 95% CI: 0.02–0.06; p < 0.0001). However, no demographic factors, including age and reproductive history, were significantly associated with preventive practices.

Conclusion

A clear gap exists between knowledge and action in osteoporosis prevention. While certain demographics are linked to better awareness, they do not drive preventive behavior. Broader, targeted public health interventions are needed to bridge this gap and enhance osteoporosis prevention strategies among Saudi women.