Disparities in Toxoplasmosis, "Other" Infections (Syphilis, HIV, Hepatitis Viruses, Varicella-Zoster Virus, and Parvovirus B19), Rubella, Cytomegalovirus, and Herpes Simplex Virus Seroprevalence and Childbirth Experiences between Migrant and Nonmigrant Pregnant Women in Italy: A Single-Center Study.

Abstract

The toxoplasmosis, "other" infections (syphilis, HIV, hepatitis viruses, varicella-zoster virus, and parvovirus B19), rubella, cytomegalovirus, and herpes simplex virus (TORCH) complex poses significant risks for maternal and neonatal outcomes. Additionally, the childbirth experience, particularly for migrant women, is shaped by sociocultural and linguistic factors. This study evaluated the prevalence of TORCH infections and compares childbirth experiences between migrant and nonmigrant pregnant women in Italy. This observational study was conducted from January 1 to October 30, 2024, and it included 293 pregnant women (91 migrants and 202 nonmigrants) attending the Policlinic Hospital University of Bari, Italy. Participants were categorized into migrants (n = 91, 31.1%) and nonmigrants (n = 202, 69.9%). Demographic data, TORCH infection status, and childbirth experiences were collected. The Childbirth Experience Questionnaire assessed patient-reported outcomes related to quality of care, communication, and decision-making. Statistical analysis was performed, with a significance threshold of P <0.05. Migrant women showed a higher prevalence of Toxoplasma IgG positivity compared with nonmigrants (56% versus 21%) and reported significantly fewer prenatal visits (median: 5 versus 9, P = 0.02). Migrant women exhibited higher immunity to some TORCH infections but had fewer prenatal visits, lower vaccination adherence, and significant communication barriers, despite reporting a more positive childbirth experience. Enhancing access to interpreters, culturally competent care, and vaccination programs is essential for ensuring equitable maternal care.